Article catalogue:
- 1 、Urgent demand for the development trend of robot paper references
- 2 、Ask for an argumentative essay on robots. Write it yourself, ranging from 1200 to 1500 words. Try not to plagiarize. If you write well, you can get extra points.
- 3 、The graduation project of “Control Design of material handling Robot (6kg)”
- 4 、Model thesis on Industrial Robotics
Urgent demand for the development trend of robot paper references
According to Xinhua News Agency, China has basically mastered the design and manufacture technology of robot manipulator, hardware and software design technology of control system, kinematics and trajectory planning technology, and produced some key components of robot. developed painting, arc welding, spot welding, assembly, handling and other robots. During the Ninth five-year Plan period, the demand for industrial robots in China has increased at an annual rate of more than 30%. In 2000, the number of industrial robots in China was about 3500, including spot welding, arc welding, painting, injection molding, assembly, handling, stamping and other robots, with sales of 670 million yuan.
According to the statistical analysis conducted by experts on 542 domestic users and some users in automobile, electronic and electrical appliances and construction machinery industries, arc welding, spot welding, assembly and spraying robots are the most widely used in the country. The second is handling and unloading (stamping, die-casting, casting, forging, injection molding, etc.), followed by packaging, palletizing, unpalletizing robot and sealing glue robot. Other robots use very little. As far as the industry is concerned, the automotive industry has more welding, spraying and glue work, followed by stamping, handling and assembly; the electronic and electrical industry focuses on assembly, such as Hualu, which uses nearly 300 sets, followed by handling and spraying; the construction machinery industry is concentrated in arc welding, followed by spraying. In addition, packaging, palletizing and unpalletizing robots are mainly used in petrochemical, textile and tobacco industries.
According to the statistical analysis of 724 users, there are 467 users in the large machinery industry (machinery manufacturing and automobile industry), accounting for 65 percent of the users, and 92 users in the electronic and electrical appliances and post and telecommunications industries, accounting for 13 percent of the users. It can be seen that at present, domestic industrial robots are mainly used in automotive, machinery manufacturing and other industries.
Robot and its complete sets of automation equipment refers to a large-scale automatic production line formed by connecting all equipment together with robot as the core and information technology and network technology as the medium. The ownership and level of robots and their automation equipment is one of the important indicators to measure the comprehensive strength of a country’s manufacturing industry. Robot and its complete sets of automation equipment have become a highly valued high-tech application field at home and abroad.
At present, the complete sets of foreign robot automation production line equipment has become the mainstream of automation equipment and the development direction of the future automation production line.
Robot automatic production lines have been widely used in foreign automobile industry, electronic and electrical industry, logistics and warehousing industry (enterprise level), so as to ensure the quality of their products and the efficiency of production. Typical robots include large car shell stamping automation system technology and complete sets of equipment, large robot body welding automation system technology and complete sets of equipment, electronic and electrical equipment, robot flexible automatic assembly and testing technology and equipment, robot vehicle and engine assembly automation system technology and complete sets of equipment, AGV logistics and warehousing automation technology and equipment, etc. The use of these robot equipment has greatly promoted the rapid development of these industries and enhanced the advanced nature of manufacturing technology.
At present, foreign countries focus on the common technology of complete sets of equipment in robot automation production line.
1. Design and development technology of large-scale automatic production line. Using a variety of high and new technologies and design methods such as CAX and simulation system, the large-scale automatic production line of robot is designed and developed quickly, and digital verification is carried out.
2. Automatic production line “digital manufacturing” technology. With the rapid development of virtual manufacturing technology, several foreign early development companies engaged in simulation software have launched the so-called “digital factory” (DMF) commercial software that can be used. Foreign enterprises have used this kind of software to establish their own product manufacturing process information platform, and then combined with the enterprise resource management information platform and car body product design information platform to form an information platform to support the life cycle of the enterprise’s complete manufacturing process. The design, manufacture, setting and maintenance of the automatic production line must also be based on the above information platform, carry out concurrent engineering and realize information sharing, which is necessary to minimize the production cycle of the automatic production line. in addition, it is also conducive to the realization of the flexibility of the production line and the function of quality control.
3. Control coordination and management technology of large-scale automatic production line. The use of computer and information technology to achieve the control, coordination and management of the whole production line, quickly respond to market demand and improve the competitiveness of products.
4. On-line detection and monitoring technology of automatic production line. The sensor and robot technology are used to realize the on-line inspection of the large production line, ensure the product quality, and realize the active quality control of the product. The network technology is used to realize the on-line monitoring of the production line and ensure the safe operation of the production line.
5. Automatic production line modularization and reconfiguration technology. The rapid adjustment and reconstruction of the production line can be realized by using the modularization and standardization of the design.
6. Production line rapid tuning (commissioning time) technology. Such as the establishment of complete manufacturing process information technology, the development of robots and other automation equipment off-line programming technology, mechanical and electrical equipment on the production line to achieve network control management technology, key station on-line 100% product testing technology, advanced production line on-site installation accuracy testing technology.
Ask for an argumentative essay on robots. Write it yourself, ranging from 1200 to 1500 words. Try not to plagiarize. If you write well, you can get extra points.
The advantages of robots
Robot is a modern technology, and most of today’s things are being helped by automated robots.
With advanced technology, we are less dependent on human beings, thanks to a large extent.
Robots have many advantages and some limitations.
One of the greatest advantages of automated programs is the accuracy of the results.
The chances of a wrong robot going are very limited, and as a process, this may fail or be executed to perfection.
Robots are used in several industries, such as automobiles, medicine, household appliances and several.
The most complex machines can be combined with robots.
Robots also play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry.
From preparing the drugs to perform the simple task of surgery.
However, it is inevitable that the actual potion is surgery and other processes that cannot be left to robots and humans to interfere.
Robots are very advantageous in several ways, a kind of human.
For example, in places where many people are not suitable for work, such as chemical plants, or drugs and exposure to certain chemicals are constantly not necessarily human.
But.
Robots have many advantages and some limitations.
The advantages of robots being used in several industries
Robot is a modern technology.
Robots are more suitable when it comes to dealing with hazardous substances.
The chances of a wrong robot going are very limited.
Today, robots are also used to launch satellites and travel to a completely different planet.
The most complex machines can be combined with robots, or drugs and exposure to certain chemicals are not always good conditions for humans.
However, it is being designed with parity and human intelligence.
Robots also play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry.
One of the biggest advantages of automated programs is the accuracy of the results, which may fail or be executed, such as cars, household appliances and several, and most of today’s things are being helped with automated robots, thanks to a large extent.
Robots are launching Mars to explore Earth, and as a process, if these responsibilities are automatically used by robots.
Robots are very advantageous in several ways, such as chemical plants.
There are also similar robot applications in some other industries, medicine, to perfection.
From the simple task of preparing drugs to perform surgery, then human beings do not have to face work-based industrial injuries and occupational diseases, in places where many people are not suitable for work, the actual potion is that surgery and other processes can not be left to robots and human interference is inevitable.
For example, a kind of person.
With advanced technology, we are less dependent on human beings.
The graduation project of “Control Design of material handling Robot (6kg)”
You need to find this yourself, but I have an overview to send you.
Introduction: the manipulator can grasp and put objects in space, and its movements are flexible and various. it is suitable for medium and small batch automatic production with changeable production varieties, and is widely used in flexible automatic lines. The material handling manipulator developed by the author for heat treatment and quenching is controlled by PLC. It is an automatic device for sorting, handling and quenching of workpieces according to preset procedures, which can partially replace manual work in high temperature and dangerous work areas for monotonous and lasting operations, and the relevant control parameters can be changed at any time according to the changes of workpieces and the requirements of quenching process.
Keywords: programmable controller, manipulator, positioning control
1 introduction
The manipulator can grasp and put objects in space, and its movements are flexible and various. it is suitable for medium and small batch automatic production, and is widely used in flexible automatic lines [1]. The material handling manipulator developed by the author for heat treatment and quenching is controlled by PLC. It is an automatic device for sorting, handling and quenching of workpieces according to preset procedures, which can partially replace manual work in high temperature and dangerous work areas for monotonous and lasting operations, and the relevant control parameters can be changed at any time according to the changes of workpieces and the requirements of quenching process.
2 structure of material handling manipulator
The material handling manipulator is a three-degree-of-freedom pneumatic cylindrical coordinate manipulator, which is mainly composed of machine base, waist, horizontal arm, vertical arm, air claw and so on. Among them, the waist is driven by a stepper motor, and the arms and claws are driven by pneumatic components such as cylinders. The corresponding material sorting device is composed of four ordinary cylinders, which are used to send the workpieces of different lengths to their respective tracks after sorting, and quenching processing is carried out at the end of the track, and then grasped, transported and stacked by the manipulator after processing. The order in which the manipulator grasps long and short workpieces is not fixed, which depends on the sorting result of the material sorting device and which long or short workpiece arrives at the track terminal first. However, the stacking order of the manipulator to the workpiece is fixed, and it should be stacked according to a certain law (as in figure 1, the long and short workpieces are stacked in a group of 4), and the position accuracy of the stacking workpiece is also required.
3 composition of manipulator control system
Because of the positioning accuracy requirements of the picking and stacking workpieces, in the manipulator control, in addition to the control of the vertical arm slider cylinder, claw and other ordinary cylinders, it also involves the servo control of the horizontal arm cylinder and the waist rotation of the manipulator. Among them, the servo control of the cylinder of the horizontal arm of the manipulator adopts the pneumatic proportional servo control system, and the rotary control of the manipulator adopts the three-phase hybrid stepper motor and its control system. Considering the stability and reliability of the manipulator and the flexibility and convenience of the connection of various control components, the PLC is used as the core controller of the hybrid drive manipulator. All the above control objects must work together under the unified control of PLC (shown in figure 2). The PLC adopts FX2N- 32MR PLC of Mitsubishi Company of Japan (16:00 input, 16:00 output).
The stepper motor is BS110HB3L142-04 three-phase hybrid stepper motor of Shenzhen Baishan Mechanical and Electrical Co., Ltd., with maximum torque of 12Nm, holding torque of 13.5Nm and rated current of 4.2A. The performance of the stepper motor driver is directly related to the normal operation of the stepper motor, so it must be selected reasonably. For this reason, we still choose the Q3HB220M equal angle constant torque subdivision driver matched with Baishan company and BS110 three-phase hybrid stepper motor, and the positioning accuracy can reach 30000 steps per turn. In order to ensure the stability and reliability of stepper motor control and facilitate future maintenance, we choose the pulse generating unit FX2N-1PG matched with FX2N series PLC as the control unit of stepper motor driver [2]. PLC controls 1PG by extending cables, control signals and FROM/TO instructions, sends positioning commands to 1PG, and then 1PG executes the positioning command by outputting a specified number of pulses (maximum 100KPPS) to the stepper motor driver, thus finally realizing the servo positioning control of the stepper motor by PLC, which not only improves the flexibility and reliability of the control, but also facilitates the preparation of the control program.
In figure 2, the FP and RP of the FX2N-1PG are connected to the DR- and PU- terminals of the stepper motor, respectively, indicating that the output pulse types are forward pulse and reverse pulse, respectively. The dog end of the 1PG is used to determine the origin position of the stepper motor. During debugging, when the stepper motor approaches the origin position, the 24V power should be turned on through the corresponding button at this end, so that the stepper motor starts to rotate at the return speed of the origin (creeping speed), so as to facilitate the control of the PG0 terminal when it reaches the set origin position. PG0+ and PG0- are the stop control signals of the stepper motor when it reaches the origin, and a 5V power supply is needed. The positive end is connected to the PG0+, and the negative end is connected to the PG0- through the switch K. When the stepper motor rotates slowly to the set origin position under the control of the DOG signal, the PG0+ and PG0-, can be triggered by manual or stroke switch to turn on the 5V power supply at both ends, so the motor stops and the origin position is recorded and stored in the BFM#26 and # 27 registers of 1PG as the benchmark and important parameters for the further control of the stepper motor by PLC.
The pneumatic proportional servo control system adopts the related products of Festo company in Germany, which is mainly composed of HMP coordinate cylinder, servo positioning controller SPC200, built-in displacement sensor MLO-POT-0225, pneumatic servo valve MPYE-5-1/8-LF-010-B and servo positioning control connector SPC-AIF-POT. The hardware wiring of the control system in figure 2 is mainly related to the wiring of the DIO digital quantity Imax O module of SPC200 [3]. As can be seen from the figure, on the one hand, PLC selects the record number of the positioning instruction (RecordSelect working mode) of SPC200 through the output Y0-Y3, and starts the servo positioning through Y6; on the other hand, SPC200 feeds back the positioning execution to the input X12 of PLC through the positioning task completion signal Q0.4 (MC-A) to facilitate the program control of PLC.
Magnetic switch sensors are installed on both the slider cylinder and the claw to detect the position of the cylinder piston. Through the signals of these sensors, combined with the start and stop signals of stepper motor and pneumatic servo, under the control of PLC, the solenoid valve corresponding to the slider cylinder and claw can be controlled, and then the action of the cylinder can be realized.
4. PLC program design of control system
4.1 Stepper motor initialization control program
PLC and 1PG communicate with each other through the FROM/TO instruction. Through the TO instruction, PLC writes the control commands and parameters into the cache of 1PG, while under the control of 1PG, the running state of the stepper motor is read by PLC through the FROM instruction for program processing. In the partial stepper motor initialization program shown in figure 3, once PLC is powered on, it writes the contents of its M0~M15 register into the operation command cache “BFM#25” of 1PG in each cycle to control the work of 1PG. At the same time, PLC continues to read the running status and current position values of the stepper motor from the “BFM#28”, “BFM#27” and “BFM#26” buffers of 1PG, so as to further control the action of the manipulator by processing these input values in logic control.
According to the design requirements, the same type of workpieces are placed in a group of 4, and the stacking order of the two kinds of workpieces can not interfere with each other. Therefore, four workpieces of the same type are transported into a basic cycle, and the corresponding workpiece count flag bits are set in their respective workpiece cycles.
4.2 manipulator integrated control program
Combining the above-mentioned stepper motor and pneumatic servo control technology, and combined with the control requirements for the cylinder and claw of the vertical arm slider, here is a part of the PLC program for the manipulator to complete a positioning and grab the workpiece.
The program shows that when the sorting and processing of the workpiece is finished, the manipulator first rotates a certain angle to take the position of the workpiece, and after the positioning of the stepper motor, the vertical arm slider cylinder piston falls. Then the horizontal arm cylinder extends the set positioning displacement under pneumatic servo control. The positioning displacement is determined by the state of the SPC200 input terminal (I0.2~I0.0) controlled by the output terminal (Y2~Y0) of the PLC, as shown in the schedule, thus realizing the control of the pneumatic servo positioning by the PLC. When the pneumatic servo positioning is finished, the air claw moves and clamps the workpiece. The principle of the control program for subsequent handling and placement of workpieces is similar.
5 concluding remarks
The above control method for the manipulator makes full use of the characteristics of PLC and other control devices, has a compact structure and reliable control, and is currently running well in the field. As a relatively independent PLC control system, it can also form an industrial control network with other PLC and controllers on the production line through RS-485 bus or CC-Link bus to achieve further automatic production control.
Model thesis on Industrial Robotics
Nowadays, with the social and economic development, robots begin to be widely used in various industries to carry out some complex and heavy physical work for workers, which can reduce people’s work burden. The following is a sample paper on industrial robot technology sorted out by me. I hope it can be helpful to everyone!
Industrial Robot Technology thesis Fan Wen part 1: “talking about the Application of Industrial Robot in Industrial production”
Industrial robot is a multi-joint manipulator or multi-degree-of-freedom robot for industrial field. Industrial robot is a machine device that performs work automatically, and it is a kind of machine that realizes various functions by its own power and control ability. It can be directed by humans or run according to pre-programmed programs, and modern industrial robots can also act according to the principles laid down by artificial intelligence technology. The application of industrial robot in industrial production is discussed.
Key words: industrial robot application industry
1 introduction
Industrial robots were first used in the automobile manufacturing industry, often used in welding, painting, loading, unloading and handling. Industrial robot extends and expands the functions of human hands, feet and brain. it can replace people to work in dangerous, harmful, toxic, low temperature, high heat and other harsh environment, and complete heavy and monotonous repetitive work instead of people. improve labor productivity and ensure product quality. Industrial robot, NC machining center, automatic handling trolley and automatic detection system can form flexible manufacturing system and computer integrated manufacturing system to realize production automation.
2 the main application of industrial robots
(1) poor working environment and dangerous work in the military and nuclear industries, some jobs are harmful to human health and life-threatening, or unsafe and unsuitable for human beings to do, industrial robots are the most appropriate. Such as nuclear plant equipment inspection and maintenance robots, boiling water reactor fuel automatic exchanges in the nuclear industry.
(2) the fields of special operation and extreme operation, such as volcanic exploration, deep-sea secret exploration and space exploration, are beyond the reach of human beings, and only robots can carry out operations. Such as the manipulator used on the space shuttle to recover satellites; remote-controlled marine robots for undersea mining and salvage.
(3) the early industrial robots in the field of automatic production were mainly used for machine tool loading, blanking, spot welding and painting. The most widely used manufacturing industries include motor manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, plastic forming, general machinery manufacturing and metal processing. With the emergence of flexible automation, robots play a more important role in the field of automated production. The following is a brief introduction to the application of industrial robots in the field of automatic production.
2.1 Welding robot
Spot welding robot industrial robot is first used in automobile spot welding, and spot welding robot is widely used in welding thin plate parts of car body. Generally speaking, it takes about 3000 to 4000 solder joints to assemble and weld a car body, 60% of which are done by spot welding robots. In some large quantities of automobile production lines, the number of spot welding robots in service is even as high as more than 150.
The main performance requirements of the spot welding robot are as follows: small installation area, large workpiece space, fast completion of multi-point positioning with small pitch, high positioning accuracy (0. 25 mm) to ensure welding quality, weight (490-980N) to carry welding pliers with built-in transformer, simple teaching and man-hour saving
2.2 Arc welding robot
Arc welding robot is used in the welding process of continuous combination of welding metal, most of which can complete automatic wire feeding, melting electrode and gas shielded welding. Arc welding robot has a wide range of applications, in addition to the automotive industry, in general machinery, metal structures and many other industries. The arc welding robot should be a welding system including all kinds of welding accessories, not just a single machine with a welding torch moving at a planned speed and posture. The basic composition of the arc welding robot is shown in figure 1. The main arc welding methods suitable for robot applications are inert grip shielded welding, hybrid shielded welding, submerged arc welding and plasma arc welding.
1-robot control cabinet 2-welding power supply 3-gas cylinder 4-gas Flowmeter 5-gas path 6-welding wire wheel 7-flexible conduit 8-arc welding robot 9-wire feeding robot 10-welding torch 11-workpiece cable 12-welding cable 13-control cable
Fig. 1 basic composition of arc welding robot system
The main performance requirements of the arc welding robot: in the arc welding operation, the welding torch is required to track the bead movement of the workpiece and constantly fill the metal to form the weld bead. Therefore, the speed stability and trajectory are two important indexes in the process of movement. in general, the welding speed is about 5: 50 mm/s and the trajectory accuracy is about. 2 ~ 0. 5) mm; because the attitude of the welding torch also has a certain influence on the weld quality, it is hoped that the adjustable range of the welding torch attitude can be as large as possible while tracking the welding bead. In addition, there are some other performance requirements, these requirements include: setting welding conditions (current, voltage, speed, etc.), jitter function, groove filling function, welding anomaly detection function (arc break, workpiece melting) and welding sensor interface function (initial solder joint detection, weld bead tracking).
2.3 painting robot
Spray painting robot is widely used in spray painting of automobile body, household appliances and all kinds of plastic products. The painting robot has the following characteristics in terms of environment and action requirements:
(1) the air in the working environment contains explosive spray vapors.
(2) it moves at a high speed along the track, and all the points passing through are the work points.
(3) most of the painted parts are carried on the conveyor belt and spray paint as they move. The articulated painting robot is shown in figure 2.
2.4 handling robot
With the development of computer integrated manufacturing technology, logistics technology and automatic warehousing technology, handling robot is more and more widely used in modern manufacturing industry. The robot can be used in the processing of parts, and the loading, unloading, storage and transportation of materials and auxiliary measuring tools can be used to send parts from one conveying device to another, or to remove the machined parts from one machine tool and install them on another machine tool.
2.5 Assembly robot
Assembly plays a very important role in modern industrial production. Relevant statistics show that the amount of assembly labor accounts for 50% to 60% of the labor volume of product production, and on some occasions, the proportion is even higher. For example, in the chip assembly and circuit board production of the electronic device factory, the assembly labor accounts for 70% ~ 80% of the production labor. Therefore, it is very important to use robots to realize automatic assembly operations.
2.6 Robot flexible assembly system
The robot officially entered the field of assembly work around 1980, around the first year of the popularity of robots. In the early days, the robot was mainly used to replace the manual work on the assembly line, and then the assembly line with robot as the main body appeared soon. The application of assembly robot has greatly promoted the progress of assembly production automation. The flexible automatic assembly system established by the assembly robot can automatically assemble small and medium-sized and moderately complex products, such as motors, pump gearboxes, etc., which is especially suitable for the assembly of small and medium-sized batch productions. it can realize automatic loading and unloading, transmission, detection, assembly, monitoring, judgment, decision-making and other functions.
Robot flexible assembly system usually takes the robot as the center, and has many peripherals, such as parts supply device, workpiece conveying device, fixture, smear and so on. However, if there are too many kinds of parts, the whole system will be too large and the efficiency will be reduced, which is not desirable. In the robot flexible assembly system, the number of robots can be selected according to the output, while the peripherals such as parts supply devices depend on the types of parts and jobs. Therefore, compared with the assembly line, the less the output, the greater the investment of the robot flexible assembly system.
3 concluding remarks
Industrial robot is a kind of system technology based on the technology of mechanical, electronic, electronic computer and automatic control and other disciplines; it can also be said to be a knowledge-intensive, technology-intensive, interdisciplinary and integrated high and new technology. With the progress and development of these related disciplines and technologies, industrial robot technology will certainly develop and improve rapidly.
The second part of the model paper on industrial robot technology: “discussing the development trend of industrial robot”
With the development of social economy, robots have been widely used in various industries to carry out some complex and heavy manual work for workers. At present, robot is a typical representative of manufacturing and automation equipment, which will be the “ultimate” version of man-made machines. Its application has involved many disciplines and fields, such as information, automation, intelligence, sensor and knowledge. at present, it is the best integration of high-tech achievements in our country and even in the world. Its development is closely related to the development of many disciplines. According to the current development trend, the scope of application of industrial robot is more and more extensive, at the same time, in the technical operation, it has become more and more standardized and standardized to improve the safety of industrial robot. On the other hand, the development of industrial robot is becoming more and more miniaturized and intelligent, and it is more and more widely used in human life.
Key words Safety in the field of intelligent application of industrial robots
With the complex needs of society, industrial robots are more and more widely used in the field of application. On the one hand, industrial robots are widely used in industrial production to replace workers’ dangerous, complex and monotonous long-time operations, such as mechanical processing, pressure casting, plastic forming and metal products industry. at the same time, it is also used in high-risk sectors such as the atomic energy industry, which has been widely used in developed countries. On the other hand, industrial robots are also widely used in other fields. with the rapid development of science and technology, the performance and safety performance of industrial robots have been improved. The scope of application has broken through the industry, especially in the medical industry.
I. the development of industrial robots
The first generation robot generally refers to the programmable robot and remote control manipulator which are widely used in industry. The programmable robot can complete some simple and repetitive tasks according to the program compiled by the operator. The remote control operation mechanism depends on the operator to send out every step. In 1982, General Motors of the United States equipped the robot with a vision system on the assembly line, thus announcing the advent of the second generation of robot-perceptual robot. This generation of robots, with external sensors, can be programmed offline. With the support of the sensor system, it has the function of perceiving the environment to varying degrees and correcting the program itself. The third generation robot is an autonomous robot, which is being developed and developed in many countries. It not only has the perception function, but also has the ability of decision-making and planning. Be able to make decisions and plan actions according to people’s orders or according to the environment, that is, programming according to tasks.
Robot research in China started relatively late. Since the beginning of the “Seventh five-year Plan”, the state has invested money to tackle key problems of industrial machinery and its parts, and completed the research and development of a complete set of teaching and reproducible industrial robot technology. The national high-tech research and development plan began to be implemented in 1986, and the intelligent robot theme tracks the forefront of robot technology in the world. After several years of research, a large number of scientific research achievements have been achieved, and a number of special robots have been successfully developed.
Industrial robot in China started in the early 1970s. After more than 30 years of development, it has roughly experienced three stages: the embryonic period in the 1970s, the development period in the 1980s and the applicable period in the 1990s.
The 1970s was a milestone in the world’s scientific and technological development: man landed on the moon and achieved the soft landing of Venus and Mars. Our country has also launched man-made satellites. The application of industrial robots has set off one of the most exciting parts of the world, especially in Japan, which complements the growing shortage of labor. Under this background, our country began to develop its own industrial robot in 1972.
After entering the 1980s, under the impact of the high-tech wave, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the development and research of robot technology in China has been valued and supported by the government. During the Seventh five-year Plan period, the state invested money to tackle key problems of industrial robots and their parts, completed the development of a complete set of technology for teaching and reproducing industrial robots, and developed spraying, spot welding, arc welding and handling robots. The National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) began to be implemented in 1986. Intelligent robots track the forefront of robot technology in the world. After several years of research, a large number of scientific research achievements have been achieved, and a number of special robots have been successfully developed.
Since the early 1990s, China’s national economy has entered two periods of fundamental transformation, setting off a new round of economic system reform and technological progress. China’s industrial robots have taken a big step forward in practice. Industrial robots for various uses such as spot welding, arc welding, assembly, spray painting, cutting, handling, packaging and palletizing have been developed, and a number of robot application projects have been implemented. A number of robot industrialization bases have been formed, which has laid the foundation for the take-off of China’s robot industry.
China’s industrial robots have made great progress through the support of the Seventh five-year Plan, the Ninth five-year Plan and the 863 Plan, and the industrial robot market has become mature and has been widely used in various industries.
The key points of the development of industrial robot technology in China in the future are as follows: first, dangerous and harsh environment working robots: mainly anti-riot, high-voltage electrified cleaning, planet detection, oil and steam pipelines and other robots; second, medical robots: mainly brain surgery auxiliary robots, remote control operation auxiliary bone correction robots, etc.; third, bionic robots: mainly mobile robots, network remote control operation robots and so on. Its development trend is intelligence, low cost, high reliability and easy integration.
Second, the development trend of industrial robots
Robot is a typical representative of advanced manufacturing technology and automation equipment, and it is the “ultimate” form of man-made machines. It involves many disciplines and fields, such as machinery, electronics, automatic control, computer, artificial intelligence, sensor, communication and network, etc., and is a comprehensive integration of a variety of high-tech development achievements, so its development is closely related to the development of many disciplines. Nowadays, the main development trends of industrial robots are as follows: first, the performance of industrial robots continues to improve (high speed, high precision, high reliability, easy operation and maintenance), while the price of a single machine continues to decline. Second, the mechanical structure is developing towards modularization and reconfiguration. For example, the servo motor, reducer and detection system in the joint module are integrated; the joint module and connecting rod module are reorganized to construct the robot. Third, the industrial robot control system develops to an open controller based on PC, which is convenient for standardization and networking; the device integration is improved, the control cabinet is becoming smaller and smaller, and the modular structure is adopted, which greatly improves the reliability, ease of operation and maintainability of the system. Fourth, the role of sensors in robots is becoming more and more important. in addition to the traditional position, speed, acceleration and other sensors, vision, force, sound, touch and other multi-sensor fusion technology has been maturely applied in the product system. Fifth, robotic machinery began to rise. Since the “virtual axis machine tool” was developed in the United States in 1994, this new device has become one of the hotspots of international research, and has explored and opened up its practical application fields.
The overall trend is to transfer from the concept of robot in the narrow sense to the concept of robot technology in the broad sense, and from the industrial robot industry to the robot technology industry of solution business. The connotation of robot technology has become an intelligent system with practical action function and flexible application of robot technology. The structure of the robot is becoming more and more dexterous, the control system is getting smaller and smaller, its intelligence is getting higher and higher, and is developing in the direction of integration.
III. Challenges and prospects for the Development of Industrial Robots in China
China’s industrial foundation is weak, and the development of industrial robots has been in a preliminary stage. Although our country began to develop industrial robots in the 1970s, there is a lack of technical strength and the technological blockade of western countries. In the process of development, there are many problems. Broken down, there are the following points:
First of all, the manufacturing capacity of basic parts in our country is poor. Although China has a certain foundation in related parts, there is a large gap between China and foreign countries in terms of quality, comprehensive product range and batch supply. Especially in the high-performance AC servo motor and precision reducer, the gap is particularly obvious, resulting in the import of key parts, affecting the price competitiveness of robots in our country.
Second, China’s robots have not yet formed their own brand. Although there are a number of enterprises engaged in the development of robots, they have not formed a large scale, lack of brand recognition in the market, and have been facing the crackdown of foreign robot brands in the robot market. As a mature industry, foreign robots adopt the whole machine price reduction to attract domestic enterprises to buy, while in the follow-up strategy of high cost of maintenance spare parts, gradually occupy the Chinese market.
Third, there is a lack of awareness and few policies to encourage industrial robot products. The manufacturing and application level of industrial robots represents the manufacturing level of a country. We must understand the importance of developing China’s industrial robot industry from a national perspective, which is an important means and way for China to transform from a big manufacturing country to a manufacturing power. □
References:
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Zhong Xinhua, Cai Zixing, Zou Xiaobing. Research on motion control system design and control algorithm of mobile robot. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), No. 1, 2004.
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Model article 3 of industrial robot technology paper: “on the mechatronics of industrial robot”
1 the application status of mechatronics technology
1.1 Industrial robots.
The emergence of industrial robots can replace human labor to a certain extent. Industrial robots are an ideal choice for workplaces with high radiation, high noise pollution and high concentration of harmful gases. The development of industrial robots has gone through three stages. the first generation of industrial robots have a low degree of intelligence and can only carry out simple repeated movements through preset programs, which can not cope with the ever-changing working environment and jobs. With the development of science and technology, on the basis of the first generation robot, through the application of various sensors, it can carry out some adaptive work through the acquisition, analysis, processing and feedback of environmental information to the action unit. although the degree of intelligence of this kind of robot is low, it has been successfully applied in some specific fields. Today, when the mechatronics technology is relatively mature, the intelligent level of the third generation robot has been greatly improved. It can collect information and data through powerful sensors, and make judgments similar to the human brain according to the actual situation. Therefore, it can work independently in a variety of environments, but the cost is high, which limits the practical application to a certain extent.
1.2 distributed control system.
Compared with the centralized control system, the distributed control system controls and directs multiple computers responsible for field measurement and control through a central computer. Because of its powerful function and security, it has become the mainstream technology of the current large-scale mechatronics system. According to the actual situation, the level of the distributed control system can be divided into two levels, three levels or more, and the real-time monitoring, management and operation control of the field production process can be completed by the central computer. At the same time, with the continuous development and innovation of measurement and control technology, the distributed control system can also realize the functions of real-time scheduling, on-line optimization, statistical management of production plan and so on. It has the advantages of rich functions, high reliability, convenient operation, low failure rate, easy maintenance and expandability, so the reliability of the system is greatly improved.
2 the development trend of mechatronics technology
2.1 artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence is to make industrial robots or CNC machine tools simulate the intelligence of the human brain, so that they have a certain ability of reasoning and judgment, logical thinking and independent decision-making in the production process, which can greatly improve the degree of automation of the industrial production process. Even the realization of real unattended is of great significance to reduce labor costs and improve processing accuracy and work efficiency. At present, artificial intelligence has not only stayed in the concept, so it can be predicted that mechatronics technology will develop in the direction of artificial intelligence. Although it is impossible for robots or CNC machine tools to have the human mode of thinking and intellectual characteristics at the current level of science and technology, in industrial production, making these mechatronics equipment have some human functions can be achieved through advanced technology.
2.2 networking.
The development of network technology provides convenient conditions for remote monitoring and remote control of mechatronics equipment. Therefore, the combination of network technology and mechatronics technology will be the focus of the development of mechatronics technology. In the process of production, operators need to walk back and forth in the workshop, master the status of the equipment, and operate the operation panel of the machine tool. By establishing a communication protocol between the mechatronics equipment and the control terminal, and realizing the transmission of information and data through optical fiber and other media, remote monitoring and operation can be realized, the amount of labor of workers can be reduced, and various functions of the control system can be realized. Theoretically, it is based on network technology.
2.3 Environmental protection.
In the recent decades of the development of human society, although the economy has developed rapidly and people’s living standards have been significantly improved, however, the development model at the expense of resources and environment has seriously polluted the environment on which human beings depend for survival. therefore, with the sustainable development strategy put forward today, the development of any technology should be based on the premise of being friendly to the environment, otherwise there will be no future. Therefore, ring preservation is the inevitable trend of the development of mechatronics technology. In the process of mechatronics application, through the efficient use of resources and achieving standard emissions or even zero emissions in the manufacturing process, the products have no impact on the ecological environment in the process of use. even after scrapping, it can also be effectively recycled, which is the specific form of environmental protection of mechatronics technology, which meets the requirements of sustainable development.
2.4 Modularization.
As there are many manufacturers of mechatronics devices, modularization will be a very promising research direction in order to reduce the cost of system upgrading and provide convenience for maintenance. Through the modular transformation of the functional unit, the corresponding functional module can be directly assembled or replaced when the function needs to be added or changed. even if there is a failure, only the damaged module can be replaced, and the work efficiency is extremely high. the enhancement of versatility saves a lot of costs for enterprises.
2.5 built-in energization.
Mechatronics has higher requirements for electric power, if there is no sufficient power supply, it will affect the production efficiency, even due to the loss of data caused by power outage, so the power supply can always be maintained through the equipment-equipped power energy system. to make the system run more smoothly.
3 conclusion
To sum up, the application of mechatronics technology can greatly improve the production efficiency and precision of products, and has greater technical advantages in the current industrial production. I believe that with the development of science and technology, the technical level of mechatronics will also be continuously improved. to make greater contributions to industrial production.
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