Article catalogue:
- 1 、How to debug the taper of an ordinary lathe
- 2 、How to adjust the taper of the lathe
- 3 、What kind of tool does the lathe use to process the copper parts, and how to grind the knife?
- 4 、Who invented the lathe?
How to debug the taper of an ordinary lathe
There is a taper adjustment method for the lathe:
1. Check and measure the accuracy of the machine tool and correct the parallelism between the spindle axis and the guide rail of the bed.
If the anchor bolts and adjusting pads in the four corners of the machine tool and the middle of the bed are found to be loose, then the horizontal straightness of the guide rail surface and the inclination in the vertical plane will seriously exceed the standard, or even be distorted, which will not only make the outer circle of turning produce taper, but also cause other precision.
In this case, the anchor bolts and cushions in the four corners of the machine tool and in the middle of the bed must be adjusted, the horizontal straightness of the guide rail surface of the bed and the inclination in the vertical plane must be recalibrated to meet the requirements, and the anchor screws must be tightened.
2. Before turning, find the back tip so that it is coaxial with the spindle axis.
The main results are as follows: (1) when the taper of the workpiece is found, the taper value is measured first, and then the moving direction and distance of the tail seat are determined according to the taper value.
Then try cutting, re-measure the dimensions of both ends of the workpiece, check whether the taper is eliminated, if it does not meet the size requirements of the drawing, then you must adjust the tail seat, continue trial cutting and measurement, until it meets the size requirements of the drawing.
(2) We usually adopt the method of adjusting tail seat offset by fastening nail top.
If the diameter of both ends of the workpiece is the same as the feed of the middle skateboard, if the diameter in the + Z direction is greater than the diameter size in the-Z direction, the operator stands behind the tail seat, loosens the tight top wire in the left hand, and rotates the tight top wire in the right hand azimuth to shift the tip to the turning tool direction.
The magnetic meter seat can be absorbed on the guide surface or on the middle slide plate, and the dial meter contact is pressed on the busbar of the sleeve side of the tail seat, and the amount of movement can be adjusted as much as the diameter difference. If the diameter in the + z direction is less than the diameter in the-2 direction, the adjustment method is the opposite.
3. Replace the new tail seat sleeve.
If the tail seat sleeve is used for a long time, the wear is serious.
If you use it again, it will not only produce taper, but also more problems, only to replace the new sleeve.
Extended data
Lathe type
1. General lathe
It has a wide range of processing objects, a wide range of spindle speed and feed, and can process the internal and external surfaces, ends and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers by hand, and the production efficiency is low. It is suitable for single-piece, small-batch production and repair workshops.
2. Turret and rotary lathe
The turret tool holder or return wheel tool holder which can hold multiple tools can be used by workers to complete a variety of processes by using different tools in turn in one clamping of the workpiece, which is suitable for batch production.
3. Automatic lathe
According to a certain procedure to automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces, can automatically load and unload materials, repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, suitable for mass production.
4. Multi-knife semi-automatic lathe
It can be divided into single axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single-spindle horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of tool holders are installed before and after or above and below the spindle respectively, which are used to process disk, ring and shaft workpieces, and their productivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes.
5. Copying lathe
It can automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece according to the shape and size of the template or sample (see copying machine tool). It is suitable for small batch and batch production of workpieces with complex shapes, and the productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. There are multi-tool holder, multi-axis, chuck type, vertical type and so on.
6. Vertical lathe
The spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on the crossbeam or column. It is suitable for machining workpieces that are large, heavy and difficult to install on an ordinary lathe, which can be divided into two categories: single column and double column.
7. Shovel lathe
At the same time of turning, the tool holder periodically makes radial reciprocating movement, which is used for the formed tooth surface of forklift milling cutter, hob and so on. Usually with a shovel grinding accessory, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to shovel the tooth surface.
8. Specialized lathe
A lathe that processes a specific surface of a type of workpiece, such as crankshaft lathe, camshaft lathe, wheel lathe, axle lathe, roll lathe and ingot lathe.
9. Combined lathe
It is mainly used for turning, but after adding some special parts and accessories, it can also be boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and so on. It has the characteristic of “one machine has many functions” and is suitable for repair work on engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations.
10. Saddle lathe
The left end of the saddle lathe at the front box is sunken and can accommodate large diameter parts. The shape of the lathe is high at both ends and low in the middle, similar to a saddle, so it is called a saddle lathe. The saddle lathe is suitable for machining parts with large radial size and small axial size, and is suitable for turning workpiece outer circle, inner hole, end face, slotting and metric, inch, module, warp joint thread, as well as drilling, boring, reaming, etc., especially suitable for single-piece and batch production enterprises.
The saddle lathe can process large diameter workpieces in the saddle slot. The guideway of the machine tool is hardened and finely ground, and the operation is convenient and reliable. The lathe has the characteristics of high power, high speed, strong rigidity, high precision, low noise and so on.
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Lathe
How to adjust the taper of the lathe
There is a taper adjustment method for the lathe:
1. Check and measure the accuracy of the machine tool and correct the parallelism between the spindle axis and the guide rail of the bed.
If the anchor bolts and adjusting pads in the four corners of the machine tool and the middle of the bed are found to be loose, then the horizontal straightness of the guide rail surface and the inclination in the vertical plane will seriously exceed the standard, or even be distorted, which will not only make the outer circle of turning produce taper, but also cause other precision.
In this case, the anchor bolts and cushions in the four corners of the machine tool and in the middle of the bed must be adjusted, the horizontal straightness of the guide rail surface of the bed and the inclination in the vertical plane must be recalibrated to meet the requirements, and the anchor screws must be tightened.
2. Before turning, find the back tip so that it is coaxial with the spindle axis.
The main results are as follows: (1) when the taper of the workpiece is found, the taper value is measured first, and then the moving direction and distance of the tail seat are determined according to the taper value.
Then try cutting, re-measure the dimensions of both ends of the workpiece, check whether the taper is eliminated, if it does not meet the size requirements of the drawing, then you must adjust the tail seat, continue trial cutting and measurement, until it meets the size requirements of the drawing.
(2) We usually adopt the method of adjusting tail seat offset by fastening nail top.
If the diameter of both ends of the workpiece is the same as the feed of the middle skateboard, if the diameter in the + Z direction is greater than the diameter size in the-Z direction, the operator stands behind the tail seat, loosens the tight top wire in the left hand, and rotates the tight top wire in the right hand azimuth to shift the tip to the turning tool direction.
The magnetic meter seat can be absorbed on the guide surface or on the middle slide plate, and the dial meter contact is pressed on the busbar of the sleeve side of the tail seat, and the amount of movement can be adjusted as much as the diameter difference. If the diameter in the + z direction is less than the diameter in the-2 direction, the adjustment method is the opposite.
3. Replace the new tail seat sleeve.
If the tail seat sleeve is used for a long time, the wear is serious.
If you use it again, it will not only produce taper, but also more problems, only to replace the new sleeve.
Extended data
Lathe type
1. General lathe
It has a wide range of processing objects, a wide range of spindle speed and feed, and can process the internal and external surfaces, ends and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers by hand, and the production efficiency is low. It is suitable for single-piece, small-batch production and repair workshops.
2. Turret and rotary lathe
The turret tool holder or return wheel tool holder which can hold multiple tools can be used by workers to complete a variety of processes by using different tools in turn in one clamping of the workpiece, which is suitable for batch production.
3. Automatic lathe
According to a certain procedure to automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces, can automatically load and unload materials, repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, suitable for mass production.
4. Multi-knife semi-automatic lathe
It can be divided into single axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single-spindle horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of tool holders are installed before and after or above and below the spindle respectively, which are used to process disk, ring and shaft workpieces, and their productivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes.
5. Copying lathe
It can automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece according to the shape and size of the template or sample (see copying machine tool). It is suitable for small batch and batch production of workpieces with complex shapes, and the productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. There are multi-tool holder, multi-axis, chuck type, vertical type and so on.
6. Vertical lathe
The spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on the crossbeam or column. It is suitable for machining workpieces that are large, heavy and difficult to install on an ordinary lathe, which can be divided into two categories: single column and double column.
7. Shovel lathe
At the same time of turning, the tool holder periodically makes radial reciprocating movement, which is used for the formed tooth surface of forklift milling cutter, hob and so on. Usually with a shovel grinding accessory, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor is used to shovel the tooth surface.
8. Specialized lathe
A lathe that processes a specific surface of a type of workpiece, such as crankshaft lathe, camshaft lathe, wheel lathe, axle lathe, roll lathe and ingot lathe.
9. Combined lathe
It is mainly used for turning, but after adding some special parts and accessories, it can also be boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and so on. It has the characteristic of “one machine has many functions” and is suitable for repair work on engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations.
10. Saddle lathe
The left end of the saddle lathe at the front box is sunken and can accommodate large diameter parts. The shape of the lathe is high at both ends and low in the middle, similar to a saddle, so it is called a saddle lathe. The saddle lathe is suitable for machining parts with large radial size and small axial size, and is suitable for turning workpiece outer circle, inner hole, end face, slotting and metric, inch, module, warp joint thread, as well as drilling, boring, reaming, etc., especially suitable for single-piece and batch production enterprises.
The saddle lathe can process large diameter workpieces in the saddle slot. The guideway of the machine tool is hardened and finely ground, and the operation is convenient and reliable. The lathe has the characteristics of high power, high speed, strong rigidity, high precision, low noise and so on.
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Lathe
What kind of tool does the lathe use to process the copper parts, and how to grind the knife?
Cemented carbide turning tools for machining copper parts on lathes.
Cemented carbide turning tool has a series of excellent properties, such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and so on, especially its high hardness and wear resistance, which remains basically unchanged even at 500 ℃, and still has high hardness at 1000 ℃.
The cutting part of the turning tool consists of a main cutting edge, a secondary cutting edge, a front, a rear and a secondary rear, etc.
The type of the front of the turning tool is mainly determined according to the properties of the workpiece material and the tool material. The plane shape with negative front angle is suitable for cemented carbide turning tools for machining high strength steel and rough-cut steel castings. The plane type with chamfering is grinding negative chamfering on the front corner plane to improve the strength of the cutting edge, which is suitable for cemented carbide turning tools for machining cast iron and general steel parts.
For turning tools that require chip breaking, the arc type with negative chamfering can be used, or the chip breaker can be ground on the front of the plane type. Turning tools can be divided into outer circle, shoulder, end face, slotting, cutting, thread and formed turning tools according to their uses.
There are also turning tools for automatic lines and digitally controlled machine tools. A tool installed on a lathe for cutting metal materials. Turning tools are divided into high-speed steel turning tools, ceramic tools, cemented carbide turning tools, cubic boron nitride turning tools and so on.
Extended data
Lathe classification
1. General lathe
It has a wide range of processing objects, a wide range of spindle speed and feed, and can process the internal and external surfaces, ends and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers by hand, and the production efficiency is low. It is suitable for single-piece, small-batch production and repair workshops.
2. Turret and rotary lathe
The turret tool holder or return wheel tool holder which can hold multiple tools can be used by workers to complete a variety of processes by using different tools in turn in one clamping of the workpiece, which is suitable for batch production.
3. Automatic lathe
According to a certain procedure to automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces, can automatically load and unload materials, repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces, suitable for mass production.
4. Multi-knife semi-automatic lathe
It can be divided into single axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single-spindle horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but the two sets of tool holders are installed before and after or above and below the spindle respectively, which are used to process disk, ring and shaft workpieces, and their productivity is 3-5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes.
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Lathe
Source: Baidu encyclopedia-turning tools
Source: Baidu Encyclopedia-cemented Carbide
Who invented the lathe?
In ancient times, there were lathes for processing wood and stone tools, using ropes to pull workpieces. In fact, the turntable for making ceramic clay can also be regarded as a vertical lathe. Several kinds of pedal lathes and grinders are recorded in Tiangong Kaiwu.
Pedal lathes in ancient China
European medieval lathe
The West claims that the Englishman Mosley invented the first thread lathe in the modern sense. But in fact, modern lathes could have been invented earlier. In the 18th century, Russian watchmakers and Tula arsenal engineers built threaded lathes for machining barrel and screws before Moritz.
1. The pulley drives the spindle 2. Tool holder 3. Transmission gear 4. Screw screw
A lathe used in the 18th century Tula arsenal.
19th century lathes with adjustable speed tower pulleys
Electric lathes appeared on the eve of the first World War in the early 20th century.
Lathes with gearboxes appeared in the late 1920s and early 1930s (between World War II).
Before World War II, the development of general lathe technology is no different from that of today. After World War II, the development of general lathe is basically numerical control.
This is the end of the introduction of lathe automatic loading and unloading. Thank you for taking the time to read the contents of this site. Don’t forget to look for more information about the graduation design of lathe automatic loading and unloading device and lathe automatic loading and unloading.