Mechanical major graduation thesis 8000 words (mechanical major graduation thesis 8000 words model essay)

Article catalogue:

• 1 、Kneel and beg for a manipulator paper of about 8000 words.
• 2 、Two mechanical academic papers
• 3 、On selected model essays for mechanical graduation thesis
• 4 、Selection of model essays for graduation thesis of mechanical engineering major

Kneel and beg for a manipulator paper of about 8000 words.

I’ll stick a part of the paper to you first, then add 20 points, send you a copy, or sell it to you for 50 yuan.

Catalogue

Abstract 1

Chapter 1 manipulator Design Task sheet 1

1.1 graduation project purpose 1

1.2 contents and requirements of this topic 2

Chapter II Design of grasping Mechanism 4

2.1 hand design calculation 4

2.2 wrist design calculation 7

2.3 arm telescopic mechanism design 8

Chapter III hydraulic system principle Design and Sketch 11

3.1 hand grab cylinder 11

3.2 wrist swing hydraulic circuit 12

3.3 hydraulic circuit of forearm telescopic cylinder 13

3.4 overall system figure 14

Chapter IV structural design of the fuselage frame 15

4.1 selection of motors 16

4.2 selection of reducer 17

4.3 Design and check of stud 17

Chapter V Positioning and stationarity of manipulators 19

5.1 commonly used positioning methods 19

5.2 factors affecting stationarity and positioning accuracy 19

5.3 buffer device for the motion of a manipulator 20

Chapter VI Control of manipulators 21

Chapter VII composition and classification of manipulators 22

7.1 manipulator composition 22

7.2 manipulator classification 24

Chapter 8 three-dimensional modeling of manipulator Solidworks 25

8.1 Upper claw shape 26

8.2 drawing of bolts 30

Thoughts on graduation project 35

Ref. 36

Design of feeding manipulator and Solidworks Motion Simulation

Abstract

This topic is a feeding manipulator designed for ordinary lathes. Industrial manipulator is the inevitable outcome of industrial production. It is a kind of automatic technical equipment that imitates some functions of the upper limb of the human body and transports workpieces or holding tools according to predetermined requirements. It plays an important role in realizing the automation of industrial production and promoting the further development of industrial production. Therefore, it has strong vitality and has been widely valued and welcomed by people. Practice has proved that industrial manipulators can replace the heavy labor of hands, significantly reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve working conditions, and improve labor productivity and automation level. The use of manipulators is effective for the handling of heavy workpieces and long-term frequent and monotonous operations that often occur in industrial production. In addition, it can operate under the conditions of high temperature, low temperature, deep water, universe, radioactivity and other toxic and polluting environment, which shows its superiority and has a broad development prospect.

In this paper, the structure design and hydraulic transmission principle design of the manipulator are carried out by using AutoCAD technology, and the three-dimensional solid modeling of the loading manipulator is carried out by using Solidworks technology, and the motion simulation is carried out, so that the basic motion can be displayed in front of people more concretely. It can carry out automatic feeding movement; when installing the workpiece, the clamping movement of feeding the workpiece into the chuck and so on. The movement speed of the feeding manipulator is set to meet the requirements of productivity.

Keyword manipulator, AutoCAD,Solidworks.

Chapter I Task statement of manipulator Design

1.1 purpose of graduation project

Graduation design is the last extremely important practical teaching link for students to complete the teaching plan of this specialty. it is a basic training that enables students to comprehensively use the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills they have learned to solve engineering and technical problems within the scope of the major. This is of certain significance to the related technical work that students are about to engage in and the development of their future careers.

Its main purpose is:

First, cultivate students’ independent working ability to comprehensively analyze and solve general engineering and technical problems in this major, and broaden and deepen students’ knowledge.

Second, train students to set up correct design ideas, design ideas and innovative thinking, and master the general procedural norms and methods of engineering design.

Third, to cultivate students’ ability to set up correct design ideas and to use manuals such as technical materials, national standards and reference books for design and calculation, data processing, and compiling technical documents.

Fourth, train students to conduct investigation and research, face reality and production, and learn the basic work attitude, work style and work methods from workers and technicians.

1.2 contents and requirements of this topic

(1) original data and materials

(1) original data:

A, production program: 100000 pieces (two-shift production)

B, degrees of freedom (four degrees of freedom)

Arm rotation 180 °

Arm movement up and down 500mm

Arm extension (contraction) 500mm

Rotation of the hand ±180 °

(2) Design requirements:

(a) structural design drawings, assembly drawings and main parts drawings of the feeding manipulator (one set)

B. Hydraulic schematic diagram (1)

C. Three-dimensional modeling of manipulator

D, action simulation

E. Design and calculation manual (one copy)

(3) Technical requirements

Determination of main parameters:

A. coordinate form: Cartesian coordinate system

B, arm movement stroke: telescopic movement 500mm, rotary movement 180°.

C, movement speed: make the productivity meet the requirements of the production program.

D, control mode: start and stop setting position.

E. Positioning accuracy: ±0.5mm.

F, finger grip strength: 392N

G, driving mode: hydraulic drive.

(2) the form of material trough and the requirements of analytical action

(1) material trough form

Because the shape of the workpiece belongs to a small rotary body, the parts of this shape usually use a self-weight conveying trough, as shown in figure 1.1, the device has a simple structure and does not need other power sources and special devices, so this kind of conveying trough is adopted in this subject.

Figure 1.1 easy installation of manipulators

(2) the analysis of action requirements is shown in figure 1.2

Action one: feed

Action 2: pre-clamping

Action 3: arm up

Action 4: arm rotation

Action 5: stretch the forearm

Action 6: rotate the wrist

Pre-clamping

Arm rise

Arm rotation

Forearm elongation

Wrist rotation

Turn your arm back

Figure 1.2 requirements Analysis

Chapter II Design of grasping Mechanism

Two mechanical academic papers

With the continuous development of modernization, continuous upgrading, the pace of continuous progress, the development of mechanical engineering is also not willing to lag behind. The following is a mechanical academic paper sorted out by me. Thank you for your reading.

Mechanical academic thesis one

Analysis of Mechanical Design Technology in Mechanical Manufacturing

Abstract: with the continuous development of modernization, continuous upgrading, the pace of continuous progress, the development of mechanical engineering is also not willing to lag behind. In mechanical engineering, an indispensable part is mechanical design, it can be said that mechanical design is a very important aspect, the level of modern design is related to all aspects, such as product performance, quality research, etc., but also related to the development of economic benefits of an enterprise. With the continuous development of science and technology in recent years, modern technology is more and more widely used, the application in mechanical design is also very common, and new design technologies continue to emerge.

Key words: mechanical manufacturing; mechanical design; design technology; analysis

Chinese picture classification number: C35 document identification code: a

Introduction: in the field of mechanical engineering, mechanical design is a very important and key link, which directly determines the technical level, R & D cycle, economic benefits and actual performance level of mechanical products. The so-called mechanical design mainly refers to, on the basis of deeply understanding and skillfully mastering the working principle of the machine, according to the design goal and the effect that needs to be achieved to conceive, calculate and analyze the structural form, energy transfer mode, lubrication mode, movement form, part size and shape of the machinery, and transform the analysis results and calculation data into a concrete description. In the above process, we need to comprehensively consider various factors and coordinate them as a whole. The progress of times and science and technology highlights the importance of modern design technology. Taking modern design technology as the main research object, this paper analyzes and discusses the relevant situation of the application of modern design technology in mechanical design.

1. Design technology based on IT technology

1. Simulation and virtual design technology

With the continuous development of computer, there are a large number of design software, such as PROE, CAD, ANSYS, SOLIDWORKS and so on. These simulation drawing software form a more powerful human-computer interaction system. The so-called simulation is a technology that uses the computer as a tool, simulates the system model that adapts to the reality through software, and studies the running results of the model by changing the control conditions. Of course, tools are not omnipotent, but are used by people. Software only assists designers in their design work. Without the work of designers, software will not automatically complete any design. Virtual design is a technology engaged in design in this multi-dimensional human-computer interaction information environment. At present, the virtual design which is put into use adopts the environment system which uses the existing CAD system to model through the appropriate transformation of the data format.

2. Network collaboration technology.

Network collaborative design is to improve the information management under the supporting plane and efficient collaborative work mechanism to organically unify the decentralized design workflow and resources to complete the product development and design. The development of network technology makes a large number of data transmission and distributed database management on the network become a reality, thus solving the problems of data access, transmission and modification on the network, and constructing a three-dimensional network mechanical design platform.

3. Concurrent design

The traditional mechanical design can not start until the end of each branch work, which is an inefficient serial design, which lacks information exchange and maneuverability. As a design philosophy, concurrent design is to design products in an integrated and parallel manner on the basis of the original information integration. Concurrent design emphasizes the integration of function and process, which not only optimizes and reorganizes the product development process, but also realizes the collaborative work of multi-disciplinary experts. From the point of view of any product design, the concurrent design adopts a corresponding increase in the design process that can be accommodated at each moment, so that the whole design process can be carried out at the same time as possible. Concurrent design is characterized by concurrent collaboration, concurrency refers to the concurrency of design activities, and collaboration refers to the cooperation of multidisciplinary design team activities. With the development of network technology, concurrent design has become one of the important methods of mechanical design.

4. Intelligent design

The development of intelligent design fundamentally depends on the understanding of the nature of design. Intelligent design system is not only the simulation of some thinking characteristics of human brain, but also needs the ability of self-learning and adaptation, which can better support the automation of design process. The development of China’s market economy has put forward strong innovative requirements for product design and development. In the current market economic system, product design requires not only a maverick, but also a simple, convenient and efficient design.

Second, design technology based on mathematical knowledge.

1. Finite element design.

Finite element method, also known as finite element method, is an effective numerical method for solving partial differential equations. With the development of today, the finite element method has become a powerful tool for engineering numerical analysis, and great progress has been made. A large number of significant problems have been solved successfully by using it, and many general and special programs have been put into practical application. and the application is more and more extensive, has been extended to many fields.

2. Optimize the design

Optimization design is to use the method of establishing mathematical model to obtain the optimal value of design under specific constraints. The goal of optimization design is to optimize the design object, and its means is to rely on advanced computer-aided software. Therefore, optimization design can also be regarded as a modern scientific and technological means to simulate the best design scheme through computer language. Optimization design generally includes two points: first, establish a practical mathematical model and abstract the design requirements into constraints and functions; secondly, according to the established model, the computer is used to solve the mathematical model so as to get the optimal design scheme. Any mechanical design problem is always required to meet certain working conditions, load and process requirements, and to find a set of design parameters under the limited conditions of strength, stiffness, life, size range and other technical requirements.

3. Reliability design

Product reliability design means that the load, strength and other related design quantities and their influencing factors are treated as random variables in the product development and design stage, and the mathematical theory and method of reliability are applied to make the designed products meet the expected reliability requirements. The main contents of the product development and design stage also include predicting the reliability of the design object, finding and eliminating the weak links, and comparing the reliability indexes between different design schemes, which can be divided into two aspects: quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is to calculate the failure probability of products by using probability and statistical method, Boolean algebra, Markov process theory, fault tree analysis and so on. Qualitative analysis is to list and analyze the types, causes and consequences of accidents through fault mode, impact and criticality analysis, event tree analysis, fault tree analysis and so on.

III. Technical analysis of mechanical design

Mechanical design is the premise and foundation of mechanical manufacturing, and there is a certain knowledge and planning of the specific process, operation and problem solving in the process of mechanical manufacturing, so mechanical design is very important for mechanical manufacturing. There are many fields and subject knowledge of mechanical design in the process of mechanical design. with the development of society, the requirements for the technical level of design are getting higher and higher, and the level of mechanical design is applied more and more widely. the following will be a specific analysis of the technology of mechanical design from the planning, scheme, technology and development trend of mechanical design.

1. Analysis of initial planning and design.

The initial planning and design process and operation of mechanical design are very similar to computer software requirement analysis and design, which requires full investigation and analysis of machine performance and specific design requirements before design. And collate the data to get relevant important results and information, including what functions and characteristics the designed machine should have, how to ensure that the manufacturing process is more convenient and efficient, and so on. The initial planning of mechanical design is the basis of mechanical design, the guidance and constraint of mechanical design, and the constraint of mechanical manufacturing engineering.

2. Scheme analysis

In the process of mechanical design, the scheme design is the concrete implementation of the mechanical design concept on the basis of the initial planning. the scheme design of the mechanical design is the key to the mechanical design and the decisive factor to the success of the mechanical design. the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of scheme design are also more than other links of mechanical design, and the scheme design should overcome the gap between design creativity and design practice to avoid the unimplementability of the design scheme. Ensure the safety and effectiveness of machinery manufacturing. This requires that the design scheme should take into account both the innovative technology of mechanical manufacturing and the performance and requirements of machinery, both of which are indispensable to each other, so as to ensure that the design scheme of mechanical design can be implemented and innovative. The scheme design in mechanical design mainly includes the application of working principle, understanding of mechanical structure, design of motion mode, design and selection of parts, drawing and inspection, etc., these factors constitute the specific process of scheme design in mechanical design.

3. Technical design analysis

The technical design in the mechanical design is the soul of the whole design process, and the technical requirements are the most stringent. This process is mainly aimed at the specific calculation and check of the design drawings. In the process of technical design, designers and related personnel should also carefully compare and analyze the general design drawings and design sketches, avoid serious mistakes, and strictly examine every design link and design part. once there are errors or loopholes, designers and staff should deal with and proofread in time. It can be said that the technical design link is the overall control of the whole design process, the highest requirements, the review should also be the most stringent.

Conclusion: with the continuous progress and development of science and technology, mechanical design has higher and higher requirements for technology. in order to make the designed products meet the competition and demand of the global economic market, modern science and technology must be applied to the field of mechanical design. Relevant engineers and technicians should also adapt to the needs of the times, expand design thinking, flexibly use modern design technology, and improve the market competitiveness of products.

References:

Dong Lili, Zhao Yiping, Liang Linquan, Zhu Yu, Duan Guanghong. A summary of the research on the theories and methods of mechanical optimization design [J]. Machine tools and hydraulic pressure, 2010

[2] Zhang Champion, Chen Liren. Present situation and prospect of heat treatment in China’s petroleum machinery manufacturing industry [J]. Metal heat treatment, 2010

Mechanical academic papers II

Discussion on Mechanical Design and Mechanical Manufacturing Technology

Abstract: with the continuous development of our country’s socialist economy, there are more and more machinery manufacturing projects. Mechanical design and mechanical manufacturing are inseparable, mechanical manufacturing should be based on mechanical design as the premise, after the design can be manufactured, at the same time, can also better ensure the fluency of manufacturing. Good mechanical design can improve the performance of mechanical products, at the same time, it has a great impact on the quality and reliability of the machine. In this paper, mechanical design technology and mechanical manufacturing technology are analyzed.

Key words: mechanical design; mechanical manufacturing; technical discussion

Chinese picture classification number: TD402 document identification code: a

In mechanical engineering, mechanical design means that mechanical designers design the structure, movement mode, ability and force transfer mode of the machine according to the mechanical principle, and organize different parts and components. In the design, the needs of manufacturing can be met, and the scheme can be designed on this basis.

1. The background of mechanical design and manufacturing.

The concept of mechatronics was published in the main issue of introduction to Mechanical Design in 1969. Subsequently, mechatronics has been continuously expanded. In 1986, the British Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Engineers discussed the definition of modern machinery: modern machinery is “regulated according to the computer information network”. A system used to realize the interconnection of machinery or electromechanical parts that include dynamic tasks such as mechanical power, operation, and energy flow. It is the same as the mechatronics mentioned above, so it can be said that modern machinery naturally refers to the mechatronics system. In the 1980s, the International Association of Machinery and Unit Concepts defined mechatronics as follows: mechatronics is the collaborative integration of precision mechanical systems, electronic regulation and system ideas in mechanical design and mechanical manufacturing processes. Therefore, it can be said that mechatronics is fundamentally the expansion of mechanical design and mechanical manufacturing and its automation. The comparison between the previous mechanical design and manufacture and the implementation of modern mechanical automation shows that the characteristic of automation is the fundamental difference in performance between modern machinery and previous machinery. The application and expansion of mechanical automation in all industries shows the advantages and effectiveness of mechanical automation. It is the diversified needs of functional diversification, high efficiency rhythm, high credibility, saving materials, saving resources, and continuously improving people’s production and life.

2. Technical analysis of mechanical design.

2.1 Analysis of initial planning design of mechanical design

The mechanical design needs to carry out the initial planning design, which is similar to the analysis of the design requirements of the computer software in terms of work. Before the design, the requirements of the machine design should be investigated and analyzed. In the process of analyzing the requirements, we should also master the functions that the machine should have. Take this as the basis of mechanical design, and then the corresponding constraints should be defined in the design and manufacturing process.

2.2 Analysis of the design scheme of mechanical design

In mechanical design, scheme design is the key part, and the scheme is also the soul of design, which determines the success or failure of design. In the design stage, we will encounter a lot of problems, the main problem we have to face is the contradiction between practice and theory. The scheme design should not only conform to the performance of the machine itself, but also in terms of function.

Okay, satisfied. In the aspect of scheme design, the inspectors should pay attention to machine development, understanding and innovation. In the design stage, the main steps can be simply summarized as defining the working principle, determining the structure of the machine, designing the movement mode of the machine, judging the selection and design of parts, designing drawings and investigating the preliminary design.

2.3 Analysis of the main technical design of mechanical design

In the mechanical design, the technical requirements are the most stringent. At this stage, the design drawings should be proofread, at the same time, the drawings should be calculated, and the general design drawings and some sketches should be compared, checked and analyzed. In the mechanical design of each part should be designed, the design should be very strict check, there can be no omissions, at the same time, in proofreading to ensure quality. For the machinery to be produced, the stereotyped design should be carried out according to the product.

2.4 Analysis of Technical Development trend of Mechanical Design

2.4.1 Mechanical design for modern mechanical products

Modern mechanical products put forward higher requirements for mechanical design, therefore, in mechanical design, the technical level must be constantly improved. Mechanical product design should be more intelligent, and the main way is to make use of modern design means and apply design software and virtual design technology in the design process to virtualize the product design. At the same time, the use of multimedia technology to simulate the performance and structure of the product, in order to achieve better design results. It is necessary to be more systematic and mechanical design in mechanical design.

Contains a lot of components, these parts must be organically combined to form an overall design, at the same time, it must have a certain level, after the system design can achieve the design goal of mechanical products. Finally, it is necessary to have the characteristics of modularization, this concept is relatively simple in design, but it is necessary to ensure that the module combination of mechanical design functions is realized in the process of product scheme design. The mechanical product design should have the characteristics, and the mechanical design should be carried out according to the characteristics of the products produced. In this process, the computer should be used to enter the products.

Row construction, at the same time, carry on the necessary reasoning, and finally form the scheme design.

2.4.2 Future Development and Prospect Analysis of Modern Mechanical Design

Mechanical products should be more excellent in performance, so it is necessary to improve the performance of mechanical products in the process of mechanical design, in which the excellence of mechanical products is mainly reflected in reliability technology and control technology. Mechanical design should be more suitable for market development, be able to obtain development space in the fierce market competition, and products should be able to expand in the market after they are formed. At the same time, in the case of the ever-changing economic environment, it is necessary to constantly develop new technologies, so that new technologies can be applied in mechanical design. New technology should have certain competitive advantages, mainly reflected in technological innovation, cost reduction, intelligent design and so on. The application of new technology to improve the market competitiveness of mechanical design should also reflect the concept of energy saving and environmental protection in mechanical design in the future. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to environmental protection. In the process of mechanical design, green design has become the main development direction. Mechanical design products are based on intelligence and green. In the use of energy, mechanical design technology can be used to maximize the use of energy, which is more helpful to realize the recycling of resources.

3. Technical analysis of mechanical manufacturing.

3.1 Analysis of the characteristics of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology

Mechanical manufacturing technology should meet the requirements of the development of contemporary technology, and should have more contemporary characteristics in mechanical design. In the process of application, the traditional mechanical design is more and more unable to meet the needs of modern mechanical products, although its manufacturing technology is constantly updated, at the same time, the equipment used is also constantly changing, but, on the original basis, we should constantly update the technology and make use of the technology as the basis of its development.

In the process of the continuous development of market economy, mechanical manufacturing technology should be able to adapt to the development of economy. In the process of industrial development, new requirements have been put forward for all aspects. In recent years, the speed of industrial development is very fast, and it is constantly integrated into the new technological system. In the process of industrial production, computer technology and information technology are well integrated. In order to improve production efficiency, mechanical manufacturing technology should be innovated. Improve production efficiency to meet the needs of customers, can increase market share. Mechanical manufacturing technology should be expanded in terms of technical scope, and at the same time, continuous development should be made in production and processing.

3.2 Analysis of the present situation and Development Direction of Machinery Manufacturing Technology in China

Management of mechanical manufacturing. Computer management system is a future development direction for machinery manufacturing industry. The renewal and development of organizational system and production mode has created the latest management concepts such as JIT, AM, LP and CE. In China, this kind of management mechanism is still relatively scarce, and only a few machinery manufacturing enterprises carry out this kind of management. Therefore, our country should strengthen the management mechanism of machinery manufacturing. The design of mechanical manufacturing. Industrial developed countries will adopt design methods and constantly update design data. In particular, the application of computer-aided software-the application of CAD technology, makes more enterprises start the mechanical manufacturing without drawings. However, in our country, there is a lack of this kind of computer software technology, or this technology is not widely used. Therefore, on this technical level, our country needs to make efforts and development. Process analysis of mechanical manufacturing. Mechanical manufacturing takes high-precision and high-precision machining as its development trend. The latest technologies, such as micro-machining, nano-processing technology, laser processing technology, electromagnetic processing technology and so on. These technologies belong to high-end processing technologies, which are widely used in industrially developed countries.

4. Concluding remarks

To sum up, because modern mechanical automation has the advantages of versatility, high quality, high credibility and low energy consumption in design and manufacturing, mechanical design and manufacturing are carried out around mechanical automation. The expansion of mechatronics is the expansion of mechanical automation. All designers must be clearly aware that only by expanding towards the prospect of mechanical automation design and manufacturing can it be a unique way out in the development of the machinery industry.

References:

[1] Zhang Yichen. Technical analysis of modern mechanical design and mechanical manufacturing [J]. Science and Technology Entrepreneur, 2014.

Guan Xiaozheng. Discussion on the technology of mechanical design and manufacturing [J]. Enterprise Technology Development, 2014.

[3] Wang Xiaochen. Analysis of mechanical design and mechanical manufacturing technology [J]. Scientific and technological Innovation and Application, 2014.

[4] Chen Huowen. Discussion on Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Technology based on Excellence Plan [J]. Scientific and technological Innovation and Application, 2014.

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On selected model essays for mechanical graduation thesis

With the development of the construction industry, the degree of mechanization in the construction process is getting higher and higher, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance indicators of construction machinery, such as safety, economy and so on. The following is my graduation thesis on machinery for your reference.

Model article 1 on mechanical graduation thesis: problems and countermeasures in the management of construction machinery

I. problems existing in the management of construction machinery

1.1 the maintenance and management system is not perfect, and the rules and regulations are not strictly enforced.

Due to the influence of the traditional thought of heavy machinery, light management and light maintenance, so far, many engineering construction enterprises in our country have not established a set of systematic, scientific, complete and strict management system and system of construction machinery and equipment. Therefore, until now, the machinery and equipment management system of our country is still relatively backward and imperfect.

1.2 weakening of machinery and equipment management organization

According to the investigation and research, in most engineering enterprises in our country, they do not pay enough attention to the management of construction machinery, that is, the phenomenon of weakening, including imperfect management system, low quality of management personnel, no professional technical management personnel, and so on. At present, most of the machinery and equipment used by construction units are purchased or leased by themselves, but a large amount of investment in this area has also become a serious burden on construction enterprises, so there will be many problems of aging of machinery and equipment. it restricts the development of machinery and equipment and the progress of enterprises. In addition, when the construction enterprise has more tasks, the machinery and equipment owned by the enterprise is generally difficult to meet the needs of the project, and when the enterprise has few or no construction tasks, the machinery and equipment will all be idle, resulting in a lot of waste of resources.

1.3 lack of professional managers and weak awareness of mechanical management

The construction process of the project has the characteristics of long front and frequent transfer of personnel and equipment. The leaders of many construction enterprises have little awareness of machinery and equipment management. in order to reduce the staffing of management departments and reduce the cost of human resources, they often compress the number of machinery managers at will, or let other construction managers serve as machinery managers. For a long time, it has caused a serious shortage of professional mechanical managers, and the quality of part-time managers can not meet the requirements, resulting in a blank in mechanical management, resulting in mutual prevarication and unmanned management of equipment. However, the lack of full-time machinery management personnel directly leads to the imperfection of the machinery management system, and a considerable number of construction enterprises do not have a complete management system for the use of machinery. machinery procurement, storage, use, maintenance and scrapping and other institutional measures have no basis to rely on, resulting in confusion in management. Even, some construction enterprises are not clear about the quantity and type of machinery and equipment under them, and equipment management is a muddle account, so it is impossible to talk about the management consciousness of machinery and equipment.

1.4 the maintenance facilities of construction machinery are not comprehensive, and the knowledge and technical level of maintenance personnel are relatively backward.

Because the leaders of many construction enterprises do not pay attention to the repair and maintenance of machinery, they do not establish a perfect mechanical repair workshop, and the technical level of inspection is not high, it is difficult to find and control the hidden troubles in advanced and complex machinery and equipment in time. Some enterprises will often employ some short-term technical personnel, their training time is short, technical ability is low, and in the process of training only pay attention to the operation of machinery, do not pay attention to mechanical maintenance. The blind use causes the load of the machinery to increase, which leads to the accelerated aging of the construction machinery.

II. Suggestions on the management of construction machinery

2.1 establish a sound management system for construction machinery

For construction enterprises, in order to ensure that the construction machinery and equipment are in a controlled state and to do a good job in the management of construction machinery, on the one hand, it is necessary to establish a relatively sound management organization and set up a leading group for equipment management. there are machinery and equipment management departments and full-time managers to manage all aspects of construction machinery. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish a sound construction machinery file, and to establish a detailed construction machinery technical data, and to organize regular inspection, mechanical technology files should be kept by special personnel.

2.2 Establishment of post responsibility system for machinery operation

In order to ensure the normal use and maintenance of construction machinery, the construction project department should set up a full-time machinery management department, including machinery management and dispatchers, operators, repair and maintenance personnel, warehousing personnel and so on. The establishment of mechanical management responsibility system is to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of each staff member according to their different positions in the rules and regulations of construction, that is to say, not only what the staff are required to do, but also how to do it. Everyone bears the primary responsibility for his own job, realizing the responsibility and institutionalization of mechanical management.

Third, use advanced technology to manage machinery and equipment.

With the development of science and technology, computer technology is used in various industries, which is the need of social development, and it is particularly necessary to use computer technology to manage machinery and equipment, for example, according to the leasing needs of the market, establish a relevant management system on the Internet, and set up some details under this system for management, on the one hand, it can effectively reduce costs, on the other hand, it can improve the level of management. To maximize the economic income of construction enterprises.

On the Mechanical graduation thesis Fan Wener: the Management and Control of the Management risk of Construction Machinery

Introduction

With the continuous increase of national investment in infrastructure, the pulling effect on related industries is remarkable, and the agents of construction machinery have also ushered in the opportunity of rapid development, along with the rapid expansion of enterprise scale. the risk of enterprise management is also gradually increasing. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the main risks encountered by construction machinery agents in operation and management, and discusses the prevention and control measures that should be taken. With the continuous increase of national investment in infrastructure, the pulling effect on related industries is significant, and the agents of construction machinery have also ushered in an opportunity for rapid development. In order to seize the market opportunity, improve the market share of products, and achieve the sales target of manufacturers, agents continue to recruit, purchase equipment and vehicles to improve service quality and meet the needs of customers. With the rapid expansion of enterprise scale, the risk of enterprise operation and management is also gradually increasing. The so-called risk refers to the possibility of an event and the combination of its results, which is a state of uncertainty caused by the inability to fully expect in the future. From the perspective of enterprise management, enterprise risk refers to the impact of future uncertainty on the realization of its business objectives. Generally speaking, enterprise risk can be divided into strategic risk, market risk, operation risk, financial risk, legal risk, moral hazard and so on. According to whether the enterprise risk comes from the external environment or from the enterprise itself, it can be divided into internal risk and external risk. The following is mainly aimed at the construction machinery agents in the operation and management of the main risks encountered in the analysis and prevention and control measures. Construction machinery agents will mainly face four major risks: receivables risk; brand agency risk; employment risk; ownership structure risk.

I. risk of receivables

At present, the main sales methods of construction machinery are phased collection sales, financial lease sales, bank mortgage sales and other credit sales. Credit sales not only greatly stimulate the improvement of product sales, but also bring great market risk to manufacturers and agents because of the long payback cycle and many uncertain factors, which is an important reason for poor cash flow or operating losses. The reasons for the risk of receivables are as follows. First, agents adopt a variety of means to promote sales in order to compete in the market or to force manufacturers to increase their market share, and even individual agents make orders with zero down payment, down payment by installments, etc. increase the generation of bad debts of receivables, when a large number of receivables can not be recovered in time, and the liquidity loans of agents are not in place in time. If they are unable to repay the manufacturer’s balance on time, the manufacturer will often impose financial penalties in accordance with the terms of the agency agreement, such as deducting rebates, fines, etc., or even take the agent to court. Second, in almost all the construction machinery bank mortgage business, the agents bear the final joint and several guarantee liability, and the price paid by the agents is far beyond their profits. A large number of receivables, first of all, the very fragile capital chain of the agent itself may be broken, which has become the biggest risk hidden danger for the agent at present. Secondly, the risk of bad debts is far greater than the risk of losses caused by general operating costs and expenses. In order to prevent and control the risk of receivables, the creditor’s rights department should be set up. The responsibility of the creditor’s rights department is not only to control the scale of accounts receivable, but also to keep an eye on the payback. More important is the prevention, control and utilization of risks.

(1) to guard against risks. Risk prevention mainly refers to prevention in advance, that is, the debt department should take measures to achieve the purpose of risk prevention before the products are really sold to customers. It mainly includes two links: first, the debt department inspects the customer credit before signing the sales contract with the customer, excluding those customers with high risk factors; second, the debt department examines the customer down payment before the sales department delivers the product to the customer, preventing the sales department from delivering the product to those customers who do not pay the down payment in accordance with the contract, so as to avoid arrears at the early stage of the implementation of the contract.

(2) risk control. Risk control mainly refers to the effective management of customer repayment in the process of performance of the sales contract to avoid default as far as possible. In the process of control, the main content is to plan and supervise the repayment, evaluate the accounts receivable one by one, divide all the receivables into three categories, and carry out classified management: first, the business supervisor should collect the customers who are overdue but easy to repay; second, the management should collect the customers who have certain difficulties in repayment. Third, customers who have been delayed for a long time or maliciously defaulted should be resolved through legal procedures according to the actual situation.

(3) risk transfer. Risk transfer refers to the transfer of risk to a third party by contractual or non-contractual means.

First of all, the usual practice of risk transfer is to require the purchaser and lessee to provide the guarantee of the person with the ability to guarantee, the mortgage of the lease item (the motor vehicle that needs to be licensed), other legal property mortgage, insurance to the subject matter, and so on.

Secondly, when the bank carries on the mortgage loan, the manufacturer has to bear a certain repurchase risk. China Everbright Bank is a bank that carries out mortgage loans for construction machinery throughout the country. by handling its “full access” business, manufacturers, agents and banks have formed a closed loop and shared risks. In this way, part of the risk of receivables is passed on to the manufacturer.

Third, banks and insurance companies should also bear some of the risk. Banks and insurance companies also get some benefits from it, so they should also bear some of the risks.

Then, the customer should also bear some of the risk. When a customer fails to repay, he becomes a customer with moral fault. For example, Chollima has set up a joint meeting of agents in Hubei, and agents will announce their bad customers to the public every month at the joint meeting, so that those customers with poor reputation can not buy equipment at any of the agents. At present, China’s credit system is not perfect, agents should combine their own reality, establish a set of perfect credit system, let customers bear part of the moral hazard and future development risk.

Finally, employees bear part of the risks according to their actual work, and directly link the risks to the interests of the employees. For example, if an employee collects 50% of his receivables, 50% of the sales bonus can be awarded, 80% of the receivables will be recovered, 80% of the sales bonus will be paid, and so on. The amount of bonus paid by employees should be proportional to the amount of receivables, so as to arouse the enthusiasm of employees. In addition, each monthly refund has a certain reward to the sales manager or debt manager, and if there is no refund, there is no reward. According to this content, agents can design a scientific and reasonable risk management framework for receivables, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively reducing or avoiding risks.

(4) risk reduction. The agent can reduce the risk by increasing the proportion of down payment and require a higher amount of performance bond, so as to shorten the payment period and reduce the risk of the agent.

II. Risk of brand agency

The enterprise nature of the agent determines that it is highly dependent on the manufacturer. The strong and well-funded manufacturer (brand company) requires the agent to set up a separate company and team to carry out brand monopoly, and it is strictly forbidden to operate similar goods. and it has been clearly stipulated in the agency agreement. And the agreement will also clearly stipulate that if the agent does not complete the sales target or market share issued by the manufacturer within the specified number of years, the provincial or regional agency will be revoked, and the agent will try every possible means to complete the task in the first 1-3 years in order to keep the agency. At the same time, he is unable to argue about the manufacturer’s often unfair sales policy. It has brought certain losses to the operation of the enterprise, which is called a strong manufacturer.

When the manufacturer grants the agency, it means that the agent can only rely on a single brand to make a profit. If an agent represents a strong brand with more series of products, rich product models and large product price span, to a certain extent, it is tantamount to monopoly operation, and the profit of the agent will certainly be very high. If the brand represented by an agent is not as mentioned earlier, it may often watch the sales opportunities slip away, affecting the development and growth of the enterprise. The main reason for the greater risk of brand monopoly is that single-brand products are difficult to meet the complexity of the needs of China’s construction machinery market at the present stage. Whether the franchise model can bring sufficient profits to agents is the best yardstick to measure their risks.

The measures to prevent the risk of brand agency are as follows: first, set up multiple companies, represent multiple brands, represent the best-selling products of the brand, and abandon those products that are not easy to sell. Second, there is no direct conflict between agents and franchised brands, which not only seize more users, but also increase their own profits. Third, agents should have brand awareness and build their own brands. Like Wal-Mart, Metro and other world retail giants, they have their own brands, and when their strength grows, no manufacturer dares to abandon them. The value of agents lies in their ability to provide value-added services. Only sales network, no sales ability and debt management ability, lack of brand reputation of the agents, will be eliminated sooner or later. Therefore, if agents want to avoid the risk of brand cooperation, they must also improve their brand image.

III. Personnel risk

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the sales network of construction machinery agents, the problem of personnel recruitment has emerged, resulting in the problem of “personnel risk”. Many agents have found that the process of training people is often a process of training competitors, because in a highly competitive market environment, any capable sales manager is the target of other machine factories or agents. If an agent is relatively relaxed in the internal management of personnel and external market management, it may lead to a sales manager “job-hopping”, which is likely to cause the agent to lose a piece of market and then fail in the market competition. this is often born in practical cases.

In order to prevent personnel risks, the following prevention and control measures should be taken. First of all, implement the equity incentive mechanism and formulate the equity incentive system, such as requiring the middle managers of the company to give certain shares after working in the company for a certain number of years, so as to improve their enthusiasm, enhance the sense of responsibility of the masters and stabilize the development of the company. Secondly, build an excellent corporate culture. Corporate culture embodies the highest level of people-oriented management theory, attaches importance to human factors, emphasizes the power of spiritual culture, and uses an invisible cultural force to form a code of conduct, values and morality. to agglomerate employees’ sense of belonging, enthusiasm and creativity, pioneering and innovative ability and team spirit, make them feel that they are also working hard for their career and future, and realize the value of their life. Third, adopt certain restraint mechanisms, such as new employees to sign a “moral guarantee”, training to sign a “service contract” and so on. If employees have moral faults, such as misreporting expenses, taking away payment, etc., then not only the company should be given a certain amount of compensation, but also the company should disclose it on the local construction machinery industry management website so that it can not be re-employed in this industry.

For example, the provincial agent of a well-known brand is also facing the risk of being revoked in 2008. By the beginning of 2012, the marketing and management areas have reached four provinces, and the agents of this brand have entered the top three rankings. One of their main successful experiences is the implementation of equity incentive policy, which requires middle managers of the company to give certain shares after working in the company for a certain number of years, in order to improve their enthusiasm. Enhance the sense of responsibility of the master, stabilize the development of the company, as the general manager of the company said: the successful model can be copied, after firmly occupying the top three of the province’s engineering market share, with the support of the manufacturer, through acquisition and equity participation, merge the original agents and participate in the operation of the original agents, expanding the marketing area has reached four provinces The management of each new company is selected from the outstanding personnel of the company and its subsidiaries, and shares are given to them in accordance with the company’s policy, which greatly enhances the sense of responsibility of the masters of the company. Everyone is the master of the company, and the vitality of the company is becoming more and more obvious. The market share continues to rise, which has been fully affirmed by the manufacturers.

IV. Ownership structure risk

With the rapid expansion of enterprise scale, the risks contained in the original ownership structure are becoming more and more obvious. It is mainly shown in the following forms. First, the family ownership structure, this ownership structure is too single, the development of enterprise employees is usually limited, there is no room to rise, which is not conducive to mobilize everyone’s enthusiasm, the development of enterprises to a certain extent basically stagnant, lose the power of development. Second, the non-family nature of limited liability companies, the ownership structure may be too scattered, although everyone’s enthusiasm has been mobilized, but it is often difficult to control, there are also risks. If the adjustment of the national industrial policy leads to a decline in the profits or losses of the agents, some normal behaviors in the original operation may no longer adapt, due to the differences in the education level, life value and ideal pursuit of the shareholders, it will lead to differences in business philosophy, the division of equity, and the impeachment and dismissal of the chairman and general manager, which will bring shock to the operation of the company, and even bring fatal harm. For example, the provincial agent of a well-known brand has intensified the contradiction because of the different business ideas among shareholders, and it has been unable to settle after many mediations by the manufacturer, which has seriously affected the operation of the company and the market share of the brand excavator. The manufacturer was forced to cancel his agency qualification, and finally the company was bankrupt and dissolved.

Selection of model essays for graduation thesis of mechanical engineering major

The engineering education of mechanical specialty should strengthen the engineering practice training for students in order to improve the engineering education level of mechanical specialty. The following is the mechanical graduation thesis that I recommend for you for your reference.

Part one of the graduation thesis of Mechanical Engineering: “Machining quality Technology”

Abstract: the quality of machined products is closely related to the machining quality and assembly quality of parts, and the machining quality of parts is the basis of ensuring product quality, which includes two aspects: machining accuracy and surface quality.

Key words: machining; accuracy; geometric shape; process system; error

I. Machining accuracy

1. The meaning and content of machining accuracy.

Machining accuracy refers to the degree to which the actual values of the machined parameters such as the size, geometric shape and mutual position of each surface are consistent with the ideal value, and the degree of deviation between them is called machining error. The machining accuracy is expressed numerically by the magnitude of the machining error. The geometric parameters of the parts include geometric shape, size and mutual position, so the machining accuracy includes: (1) dimensional accuracy. Dimensional accuracy is used to limit the dimensional error between the machined surface and its datum within a certain range. (2) geometric shape accuracy. Geometric shape accuracy is used to limit the macroscopic geometric shape errors of machined surfaces, such as roundness, cylindricity, flatness, straightness and so on. (3) the accuracy of mutual position. The mutual position accuracy is used to limit the mutual position error between the machined surface and its datum, such as parallelism, verticality, coaxiality and position.

Due to the influence of processing elements, the size, shape and surface position of a batch of parts processed under the production conditions of accurate and complete products will not be completely consistent with each other. There is always a certain processing error. At the same time, under the premise of meeting the required tolerance, reasonable economy should be adopted to improve the productivity and economy of machining.

2. The original error affecting the machining accuracy

In machining, many factors affect the process system, resulting in a variety of original errors. These original errors are partly related to the structural state of the process system itself and partly related to the cutting process. According to the properties of these errors, they can be summarized into the following four aspects: (1) the geometric error of the process system. The geometric error of the process system includes the principle error of the machining method, the geometric error and adjustment error of the machine tool, the manufacturing error of the tool and fixture, the clamping error of the workpiece and the error caused by the wear of the process system. (2) the error caused by the deformation of the process system. (3) the error caused by thermal deformation of the process system. (4) error caused by residual stress of workpiece.

3. Classification of machining errors.

(1) systematic error and random error. According to whether the error is mastered by people, the error can be divided into systematic error and random error (also known as accidental error). Where the magnitude and direction of the error have been mastered, it is a systematic error. System error is divided into constant system error and variable system error. The value of constant system error is constant. For example, the manufacturing errors of machine tools, fixtures, cutting tools and measuring tools are all constant errors. The variable value system error is that the magnitude and direction of the error change according to a certain law, either linearly or nonlinearly. For example, when the tool is worn normally, the wear value is linearly proportional to the time, and it is a linear variable system error; while when the tool is elongated by heat, its elongation and time are nonlinear variable system error. Those who have not mastered the error law are random errors.

(2) static error, cutting state error and dynamic error. According to whether the error is related to the cutting state, it can be divided into static error and cutting state error. The error of the process system without cutting is usually called static error, such as the geometric accuracy and transmission accuracy of the machine tool. The error of the process system in the cutting state is usually called the cutting state error, such as the machine room, the force deformation and thermal deformation during cutting and so on. The error of the process system in the state of vibration is called dynamic error.

2. Geometric error of process system

1. Error of processing principle

The error of machining principle is due to the error caused by the use of approximate forming motion or approximate edge profile. Usually, in order to obtain the specified machining surface, accurate forming motion must be realized between the tool and the workpiece, which is called machining principle in machining. In theory, ideal machining principle and completely accurate forming motion should be adopted to obtain accurate part surface. However, in practice, the completely accurate machining principle is often difficult to achieve, and sometimes the machining efficiency is very low; sometimes the structure of the machine tool or tool is extremely complex and difficult to manufacture; sometimes the error in the machine tool transmission is increased due to many structural links, or it is difficult to guarantee the machine tool stiffness and manufacturing accuracy. Therefore, the use of approximate machining principle to obtain higher machining accuracy is an effective technological measure to ensure machining quality and improve productivity and economy.

For example, the hob used in gear hobbing has two kinds of principle errors, one is the approximate modeling principle error, that is, due to manufacturing difficulties, Archimedes basic worm or normal straight profile basic worm is used instead of involute basic worm. Second, due to the limited number of hob edges, the tooth profile cut is actually a broken line rather than a smooth involute, but the resulting tooth profile error is much smaller than that caused by hob manufacturing and grinding errors, so it is ignored. For example, if the modulus milling cutter forms the milling gear, the gear with the same modulus but different number of teeth has different tooth profile parameters. In theory, gears with the same modulus and different number of teeth should be machined with a corresponding tooth profile tool. In fact, in order to reduce the number of cutters, a modular milling cutter is often used to process gears in a certain range of teeth, and the approximate edge profile is also used.

2. Geometric error of machine tool

The main contents are as follows: (1) the concept of spindle rotation motion error. The rotary accuracy of the machine tool spindle has a direct impact on the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The so-called rotation accuracy of the spindle refers to the drift of the actual rotation axis of the spindle relative to its average rotation axis.

The instantaneous velocity is zero. In fact, due to various errors in the process of machining and assembly, forces and heating during rotation, the spatial position of the spindle in each instantaneous rotation axis is in a state of change, resulting in axis drift, that is, there is a rotation error. Super Secretary Network

The rotation error of the spindle can be divided into three basic cases: axial movement-the axial movement of the instantaneous rotary axis along the direction of the average rotary axis, as shown in figure l (a). Radial runout-the radial movement of the instantaneous rotation axis is always parallel to the direction of the average rotation axis, as shown in figure l (b). Angle swing-the instantaneous rotation axis is at an oblique angle with the average rotation axis, and the position of the intersection point is fixed.

(a) axial movement; (b) radial runout; and (c) angular swing, as shown in figure 1 (c). Angle swing mainly affects the shape accuracy of the workpiece, when the outer circle of the car, it will produce a cone; when boring, it will make the hole oval. In fact, when the spindle is working, the rotary motion error is often caused by the above three basic forms of synthetic motion.

(2) the influence factors of spindle rotation motion error. The main factors affecting the rotation accuracy of the spindle are the error of the spindle journal, the error of the bearing, the clearance of the bearing, the error of the matching parts with the bearing, the unequal radial stiffness and thermal deformation of the spindle system and so on. When the spindle adopts sliding bearing, the roundness error and waviness of the spindle journal and bearing hole have a direct influence on the spindle rotation accuracy, but the influence factors are also different for different types of machine tools.

References:

[1] Zheng Yu Study on damage Detection method of Mechanical structure [D]; Taiyuan University of Technology; 2004

[2] Yang Chunlei, Yin Congress. A brief discussion on the reasons why machining affects the mating surface and its countermeasures [N]. China Architecture News; 2005

[3] the plateau. Study on improving Wear Resistance of stainless Steel Surface Composite treatment

Mechanical major graduation thesis part two: “Enterprise Construction Machinery equipment Management”

Abstract: the realization of the modernization of construction machinery has brought new development opportunities and efficient work efficiency for the development of modern enterprises. However, there are still many problems in the management of machinery and equipment in enterprises, which restrict the rapid development of enterprises. The author of this paper briefly discusses the problems existing in the management of machinery and equipment in modern enterprises and the methods to improve the management.

Key words: engineering; machinery and equipment; management; problems; countermeasures

The progress of science and technology and the demand of production and construction not only provide a broad space for the application of construction machinery, but also put forward higher requirements for equipment management. The main requirements for the management of construction equipment are to do a good job in the rational allocation, scientific use, timely maintenance and timely repair of machinery and equipment, to reduce the occurrence of equipment failures and to improve the effective utilization rate of machinery and equipment. below, I would like to talk about my views on the problems existing in the management of construction machinery and equipment in mining enterprises and the methods to improve the management of construction machinery.

I. problems and causes in the current management of construction machinery and equipment

1. the management organization is not perfect and the management system is not perfect.

A considerable number of construction enterprises still lack a complete and strict management system of construction machinery and equipment, the establishment of accounts and technical data files of construction machinery and equipment are not perfect, the management work is random and the management is out of order. some enterprises even do not account in time or at all after purchasing new equipment, resulting in passive management and muddled use of equipment. The subject of responsibility for the management and use of construction machinery can not be clearly defined.

2. Reluctant to invest in intelligence

(1) although most construction enterprises have set up locomotive management departments according to the actual situation of their own enterprises, due to the frequent change of institutions and personnel, and the short time for equipment management and maintenance personnel to receive professional education, managers’ overall understanding of equipment management is still vague, and the level of technical management is uneven.

(2) while some enterprises only pay one-sided attention to the immediate interests, they would rather spend a lot of money on purchasing advanced equipment, but they are too stingy to spend money on intellectual investment such as management personnel training. In this way, even if there are more advanced equipment, but the management can not keep up with the poor quality of personnel, it is difficult to meet the needs of mechanical automation and mechatronics equipment management.

3. The use and maintenance of construction machinery are out of touch with each other.

(1) at present, although most construction enterprises implement the fixed-person and fixed-machine system, that is, each operator regularly uses one piece of mechanical equipment, they ignore the fixed-person maintenance system and do not clearly implement the rules and regulations for the maintenance of mechanical equipment to individuals. Because of this, the operators often only “guarantee the repair”, and the maintenance personnel also deal with it carelessly. Whenever the mechanical equipment breaks down, the operators and maintenance personnel often pass the buck to each other. In this way, it not only affects the output and quality, but also increases the maintenance cost, operation cost and reduces the service life of the equipment.

(2) in addition, many project leaders only consider the immediate interests, have no long-term plans, have serious short-term behavior, only pay attention to the link between output value and benefit, and show “re-use and light management” in equipment management and use, in order to catch up with the time limit and rush for progress, but do not hesitate to fight for equipment, resulting in machinery and equipment often working in a state of overload, or working with “disease”, or even operating in violation of regulations, the result is that after the completion of the project The machinery and equipment are seriously worn and aging, and the transfer to the new project requires a lot of energy and expenses for refurbishment, resulting in delays in the construction period, mutual prevarication among project departments in maintenance costs, and invisible loss of fixed assets.

4. the maintenance of construction machinery and equipment is “lagging” and the waste is serious.

(1) as most construction enterprises have not effectively implemented maintenance measures such as spot inspection system, equipment maintenance management is often limited to “ex post repair”, and the consciousness of “preventive maintenance” is not paid enough attention to. The failure and deterioration of equipment can not be detected, prevented and repaired early, resulting in unnecessary waste of human, material and financial resources.

(2) the phenomenon of “wasted maintenance” of machinery and equipment in construction enterprises is also very serious. for convenience, individual maintenance personnel do not repair and use some old parts that are still of great repair value, leaving them to be scrapped subjectively and at will, what is more, without considering the overall performance of other equipment, adopt the method of “demolishing east wall to make up for west wall”, muddle along and hand it over as long as the machinery is active. The result will only get half the result with twice the effort.

II. Methods for improving the management of machinery and equipment

1. In terms of use, the value of the equipment is mainly reflected in the use. Any equipment has a prescribed scope of use, conditions and operating procedures, only the correct use of equipment, can ensure safety in production. The use of the equipment depends largely on the level of the operators.

Therefore, in use, the first is to educate operators to correctly use and operate all kinds of construction machinery, not to work under the maximum load that the machinery can bear, and to ensure the uniform increase and decrease of the mechanical load as far as possible. so that the machinery in a relatively gentle load change, specifically, is to be more uniform throttle, to prevent the engine, working device movements of the ups and downs. The second is to strengthen technical training and improve the quality of operators, so that operators can understand structure, principle, performance, use, maintenance, inspection and troubleshooting, so as to reduce and prevent mechanical failures caused by human errors from the source. Third, we should adhere to the responsibility system of charter flights, transfer the responsibility to people, combine personal economic interests with the maintenance fees and fuel costs of responsible machinery, carry out both rewards and punishments, strengthen the sense of responsibility for the management of equipment, and mobilize the enthusiasm of taking care of equipment. Super Secretary Network

2. In terms of maintenance, regular maintenance of the equipment is the basis for maintaining the good technical condition of the machinery. For construction machinery, the most important thing in maintenance work is to ensure the reasonable lubrication of the machinery. The wear of the working face of the part, the corrosion of the surface of the part and the aging of the material are the three main failure forms of mechanical parts under normal use conditions, and the failure caused by the wear of the working face of the part accounts for the largest proportion. In other words, mechanical wear is one of the main reasons for the extreme technical state of its various parts. In order to solve the wear problem of mechanical parts, in addition to using excellent materials, selecting advanced manufacturing technology and designing reasonable mechanical structure, an important work to be done in the process of use is to ensure the reasonable lubrication of machinery.

According to statistics, more than half of the faults of construction machinery are caused by poor lubrication. Due to the precision of the parts of the construction machinery, good lubrication can keep the normal working gap and suitable working temperature, so as to reduce the wear degree of the parts and reduce the mechanical failure. Normal and reasonable lubrication is one of the effective measures to reduce mechanical faults. For this reason, first, the lubricant should be selected reasonably, the normal lubricant category should be selected according to the type and application structure of the machinery, the appropriate quality grade should be selected according to the requirements of the machinery, and the appropriate lubricant brand should be selected according to the working environment of the machinery and different seasons. Second, always check the quantity and quality of lubricants. The insufficient quantity should be replenished in time, and the poor quality should be replaced in time. Third, according to the maintenance cycle, equipment technical status, working environment and other factors, formulate a compulsory maintenance plan, to the time must stop maintenance lubrication.

3. Maintenance

There are bound to be all kinds of faults in the use of machinery. Among these faults, the impact of some faults on mechanical equipment may be very small, some are more serious, and even cause serious accidents. Experience shows that serious mechanical failures are often caused by minor failures. The reason lies in neglecting the timely handling of minor failures. Therefore, in terms of maintenance, first, we should pay attention to the timely handling of minor failures so as to prevent problems before they occur. Must not minor failure does not affect the use, in order to rush the task to let the equipment with fault operation, the final glitch dragged into a major fault, not only delay the construction period, affect the normal use, but also may cause the equipment to be scrapped suddenly. In a sense, dealing with the faults in time is an effective measure to reduce and prevent the faults. The second is to adopt the maintenance system of the combination of “planned maintenance” and “preventive maintenance” to arrange the equipment maintenance work scientifically and reasonably. Planned maintenance adheres to the guiding ideology of “equal emphasis on maintenance and repair, prevention first”. In use, according to the law of mechanical damage and wear of parts, and according to working hours, implement compulsory warranty items on equipment on a regular basis. Preventive maintenance insists on “regular inspection and on-demand repair”. It is a maintenance mode controlled according to the actual planned condition of the maintenance object, not according to the actual use time, which avoids the waste caused by compulsory maintenance. At the same time, through regular inspection, it avoids the loss of insurance and disrepair caused by omission and missed inspection.

In short, any equipment will inevitably break down after it is put into use, but in the work, as long as we strengthen equipment management, reasonable and scientific use, timely maintenance, timely and accurate repair, we can grasp the occurrence law of various faults during the equipment life period, effectively reduce the occurrence of faults, improve the effective utilization rate, maintain the good technical state of the equipment, and maximize the use value of the equipment.

The third part of the graduation thesis of Mechanical Engineering: “Analysis of Green Manufacturing Technology of Textile Machinery”

I. the necessity of developing Green Manufacturing

The textile industry has always been a high pollution industry. due to the backwardness of traditional technology, a large number of production pollutants, including waste gas and sewage, will be produced in the process of textile production, and there is also the problem of waste of resources. all these have caused a serious crisis to the living environment of human beings. China, as the largest textile production and export country in the world, the modern textile manufacturing industry is developing rapidly, so the pollution problem in the textile industry has always been the focus of attention. In today’s era of vigorously promoting ecological civilization, the development of green manufacturing technology of textile machinery Brooks no delay.

Environmental awareness manufacturing, that is, green manufacturing, is simply the green environmental protection and sustainable development of manufactured products, and it is a modern manufacturing mode that takes into account both environmental development and economic benefits. With regard to the implementation of green manufacturing, the specific strategies are to reduce waste, reduce pollution and maximize resource utilization. Nowadays, considering the protection of the ecological environment, the international community has begun to have requirements for the green process of trade products. Although there are not many such green barriers, as a big exporter of textile products, in order to maintain the advantages of the textile industry, the green manufacturing of textile machinery needs to be put on the development agenda as soon as possible.

Second, the embodiment of green manufacturing technology

(1) Green materials. The selection of green materials should consider the environmental protection of materials on the basis of ensuring the requirements of textile machinery manufacturing. Take the production of chemical fiber as an example, a large number of acids and bases are used in the production process, which leads to the production of toxic substances such as sulfate, so the first condition of green materials is non-toxic and non-pollution. In addition, the non-degradability of chemical fiber products makes it a burden on the soil environment after being discarded. Therefore, green materials also need to have the characteristics of degradability and recycling. Finally, due to the difficulties in processing chemical fiber products, resulting in a waste of energy, which requires that green materials are easy to process.

(2) Green design. Green design is the core of green manufacturing, because green design needs to run through the whole life cycle of the product, and the environmental protection of the product from production to packaging to final waste and recycling should be considered in the stage of product design. the selection of production resources, the maximum utilization of energy and the recycling of products are all the work of green design, which should not only meet the economic requirements of process technology. What’s more, it is necessary to ensure the environmental needs of green environmental protection.

(3) Green technology. First of all, it is necessary to choose the correct and suitable process method, and then optimize the process operation and design the most efficient process plan, so as to improve the work efficiency, reduce the consumption of resources, reduce the consumption of energy, and reduce the waste gas. Sewage and other harmful substances and pollutants to the ecological environment to a minimum.

(4) Green packaging. The design of green packaging should start from the following three aspects, the first is the choice of packaging materials, the requirements of packaging materials are green, harmless and degradable, easy to recover and easy to process, and the second is the optimization of packaging structure, which should be simplified as far as possible. Don’t be extravagant and wasteful The last is the recycling of packaging and process waste after use. in the past, packaging materials caused great damage to the ecological environment because of non-degradable or toxic pollution, and the discarding of packaging itself is also a great waste of resources. therefore, the use of recyclable materials will not cause environmental burden, but also reduce the waste of resources and kill two birds with one stone.

III. Application of Green Manufacturing Technology

(1) packing materials. The design of green packaging requires the green ring of packaging materials.

Protect, can be recycled, packaging to avoid complexity and simple. Common packaging materials for textile products are corrugated paper, wood, plastic and so on. Corrugated board is characterized by easy recycling, but not strong and durable, and requires pre-processing, which is not only a waste of resources but also not environmentally friendly; the wood is strong enough, but as a non-renewable resource, excessive use of wood will lead to imbalance in ecological development and is not conducive to environmental protection. Plastic packaging has the irreplaceable characteristics of wood and cardboard, light and durable and convenient for production, but it also has the disadvantage of non-degradation, and it is not the best green packaging material. At present, the best green packaging materials are pulp molding and honeycomb cardboard, the combination of the two into honeycomb paper core composite board, this packaging material is pollution-free and easy to recycle, is the best choice for green packaging.

(2) computer aided design. The green design of textile machinery can make use of modern computer technology. Paperless design reduces the waste of wood resources and saves resources. At the same time, high-tech technology can also reduce the design cycle, strengthen the design blueprint, and greatly improve the work efficiency. And the quality of textile products. Nowadays, the three-dimensional software combined with computer technology can simulate the stress of various parts of textile machinery and check its related performance.

3. Process planning. The objective system of process planning for textile machinery manufacturing is

The key to TQCSRE system is to analyze the relationship between resource consumption R and environmental impact E. For example, by analyzing the relationship between the consumption of production resources and waste production, and analyzing the role of textile machinery technology in this, an optimized green process is developed.

Conclusion

As environmental issues have become a hot topic today, the wave of environmental protection has gradually affected the manufacturing industry. The traditional manufacturing mode is no longer suitable for the development trend of today’s society, and the development of green manufacturing of textile machinery is extremely urgent. The promotion of green resources and green technology is not only conducive to the reduction of environmental burden, but also maximize the utilization of resources. Green manufacturing not only takes into account the two-way development of environmental protection and economy, but also reveals that the harmonious development of man and nature is the correct way of social development.

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